勾践灭吴
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两汉]：佚名
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越王勾践栖于会稽之上，乃号令于三军曰：“凡我父兄昆弟及国子姓，有能助寡人谋而退吴者，吾与之共知越国之政。”大夫种进对曰：“臣闻之，贾人夏则资皮，冬则资絺，旱则资舟，水则资车，以待乏也。夫虽无四方之忧，然谋臣与爪牙之士，不可不养而择也。譬如蓑笠，时雨既至，必求之。今君王既栖于会稽之上，然后乃求谋臣，无乃后乎？”勾践曰：“苟得闻子大夫之言，何后之有？”执其手而与之谋。
遂使之行成于吴，曰：“寡君勾践乏无所使，使其下臣种，不敢彻声闻于大王，私于下执事曰：寡君之师徒不足以辱君矣；愿以金玉、子女赂君之辱。请勾践女女于王，大夫女女于大夫，士女女于士；越国之宝器毕从！寡君帅越国之众以从君之师徒。唯君左右之，若以越国之罪为不可赦也，将焚宗庙，系妻孥，沈金玉于江；有带甲五千人，将以致死，乃必有偶，是以带甲万人事君也，无乃即伤君王之所爱乎？与其杀是人也，宁其得此国也，其孰利乎？”
夫差将欲听，与之成。子胥谏曰：“不可！夫吴之与越也，仇讎敌战之国也；三江环之，民无所移。有吴则无越，有越则无吴。将不可改于是矣！员闻之：陆人居陆，水人居水，夫上党之国，我攻而胜之，吾不能居其地，不能乘其车；夫越国，吾攻而胜之，吾能居其地，吾能乘其舟。此其利也，不可失也已。君必灭之！失此利也，虽悔之，必无及已。
越人饰美女八人，纳之太宰嚭，曰：“子苟赦越国之罪，又有美于此者将进之。”太宰嚭谏曰：“嚭闻古之伐国者，服之而已；今已服矣，又何求焉？”夫差与之成而去之。
勾践说于国人曰：“寡人不知其力之不足也，而又与大国执仇，以暴露百姓之骨于中原，此则寡人之罪也。寡人请更。”于是葬死者，问伤者，养生者；吊有忧，贺有喜；送往者，迎来者；去民之所恶，补民之不足。然后卑事夫差，宦士三百人于吴，其身亲为夫差前马。
勾践之地，南至于句无，北至于御儿，东至于鄞，西至于姑蔑，广运百里，乃致其父母昆弟而誓之，曰：“寡人闻，古之贤君，四方之民归之，若水之归下也。今寡人不能，将帅二三子夫妇以蕃。”令壮者无取老妇，令老者无取壮妻；女子十七不嫁，其父母有罪；丈夫二十不取，其父母有罪。将免者以告，公令医守之。生丈夫，二壶酒，一犬；生女子，二壶酒，一豚；生三人，公与之母；生二子，公与之饩。当室者死，三年释其政；支子死，三月释其政；必哭泣葬埋之如其子。令孤子、寡妇、疾疹、贫病者，纳宦其子。其达士，洁其居，美其服，饱其食，而摩厉之于义。四方之士来者，必庙礼之。勾践载稻与脂于舟以行。国之孺子之游者，无不哺（有的哺为“饣”偏旁）也，无不歠也：必问其名。非其身之所种则不食，非其夫人之所织则不衣。十年不收于国，民俱有三年之食。
国之父兄请曰：“昔者夫差耻吾君于诸侯之国，今越国亦节矣，请报之。”勾践辞曰：“昔者之战也，非二三子之罪也，寡人之罪也。如寡人者，安与知耻？请姑无庸战。”父兄又请曰：“越四封之内，亲吾君也，犹父母也。子而思报父母之仇，臣而思报君之仇，其有敢不尽力者乎？请复战！”勾践既许之，乃致其众而誓之，曰：“寡人闻古之贤君，不患其众之不足也，而患其志行之少耻也。今夫差衣水犀之甲者亿有三千，不患其志行之少耻也，而患其众之不足也。今寡人将助天灭之。吾不欲匹夫之勇也，欲其旅进旅退。进则思赏，退则思刑；如此，则有常赏。进不用命，退则无耻；如此，则有常刑。”
果行，国人皆劝。父勉其子，兄勉其弟，妇勉其夫，曰：“孰是君也，而可无死乎？”是故败吴于囿，又败之于没，又郊败之。
夫差行成，曰；“寡人之师徒，不足以辱君矣，请以金玉、子女赂君之辱！”勾践对曰：“昔天以越予吴，而吴不受命；今天以吴予越，越可以无听天之命，而听君之令乎！吾请达王甬、句东，吾与君为二君乎！”夫差对曰：“寡人礼先壹饭矣，君若不忘周室而为敝邑宸宇，亦寡人之愿也。君若曰：『吾将残汝社稷，灭汝宗庙。』寡人请死，余何面目以视于天下乎？越君其次也！”遂灭吴。
勾践灭吴鉴赏
《勾践灭吴》记述的是春秋末期吴越争战的著名历史事件。越王勾践在与吴王夫差的战争中被击败后，以各种屈辱的条件向吴国求和。夫差没有听从伍子胥的忠告，却听信了被越国贿赂的太宰豁的谗言，准许了越国的求和，使勾践获得了喘息的机会。勾践卧薪尝胆，励精图治，在经过了“十年生聚、十年教训”的长期准备之后，率领军队进攻吴国，吴国因此而亡。
文章一落笔直写勾践。勾践失败后，正率五千残兵退守于会稽山上。这时的他，是一位失败后痛定思痛、盼望雪耻复国的君主。全文分三部分，紧紧围绕勾践誓雪国耻这一主要的性格特征展开描写。首先写勾践同吴国求和，突出了他痛下决心、希望东山再起的一面。其次，写勾践为打败吴国所进行的多方面的准备。最后，写勾践出征灭吴，一举获胜。作者虽从请战开始，但重点依然落到勾践雪耻复仇这一点上。
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姚合《
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老马》
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班固《
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苏武传(节选)》
佚名简介
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