悼伤后赴东蜀辟至散关遇雪
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唐代]：李商隐
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剑外从军远，无家与寄衣。
悼伤后赴东蜀辟至散关遇雪译文及注释
译文
我就要到剑外任职路途很遥远，没有家你再也不能给我寄寒衣。
大散关的皑皑白雪足有三尺厚，往事如梦回想昔日为我弄织机。
注释
悼伤：即悼亡，指丧妻。东蜀：即东川，治所在梓州（今四川三台县）。散关：又称大散关，在今陕西宝鸡市西南。
剑外：剑阁之外。剑阁在今四川剑阁县北。从军：指赴节度使幕。
鸳机：刺绣的工具。
悼伤后赴东蜀辟至散关遇雪创作背景
唐宣宗大中五年（851年）夏秋之交，王氏突然病逝，李商隐万分悲痛。这年冬天，他应柳仲郢之辟，从军赴东川（治所梓州，今四川三台县）。痛楚未定，又要离家远行，凄戚的情怀是可想而知的。这首诗，就写于赴蜀途中。
悼伤后赴东蜀辟至散关遇雪鉴赏
公元851年（宣宗大中五年）夏秋之交，王氏突然病逝，李商隐万分悲痛。这年冬天，他应柳仲郢之辟，从军赴东川（治所梓州，今四川三台县）。痛楚未定，又要离家远行，凄戚的情怀是可想而知的。这首诗，就写于赴蜀途中。
起句“剑外从军远”，点明这次远行的原因是“从军”，即入节度使幕府。“剑外”，指剑阁之南蜀中地区。诗题“遇雪”而作，却从远写起，着一“远”字，不仅写行程之遥，更有意让人由“远”思“寒”。隆冬之际，旅人孑然一身，行囊单薄，自然使人产生苦寒之思，又自然地使人盼望家中妻子寄棉衣来。可是，诗人的妻子已经不在人间，没有人为他寄衣了。
第二句“无家与寄衣”，蕴意精深。一路风霜，万般凄苦，都蕴含在这淡淡的一句诗中了。诗人善于用具体细节表达抽象的思念，用寄寒衣这一生活中的小事，倾泻出自己心底悲痛的潜流和巨大的哀思。
“散关三尺雪”句是全诗的承转之辞，上承“遇雪”诗题，给人“乱山残雪夜，孤灯异乡人”的凄凉飘泊之感，同时，大雪奇寒与无家寄衣联系起来，以雪夜引出温馨的梦境，转入下文。读者不妨这样联想，也许因为大雪封山，道路阻绝，作者只能留宿散关驿舍。伤痛倦极，朦胧入睡，睡梦中见妻子正坐在旧时的鸳机上为他赶制棉衣。“回梦旧鸳机”，情意是十分真挚悲切。纪昀云：“回梦旧鸳机，犹作有家想也。”用“有家想”反衬“无家”丧妻的痛苦，以充满温馨希望的梦境反衬冰冷严酷的现实，更见诗人内心痛苦之深。至于梦中与妻子相见欢娱的情景和梦后倍觉哀伤的愁绪便略而不写，留在纸外，让读者自己想象思索了。
此诗朴素洗炼，而又深情绵邈。诗用层层推进、步步加深的手法，写出凄凉寂寞的情怀和难言的身世之痛。从军剑外，畏途思家，这是第一层；妻亡家破，无人寄御寒之衣，伤别与伤逝之情交织一起，这是第二层；路途遇雪，行期阻隔，苦不堪言，这是第三层：“以乐景写哀”，用温馨欢乐的梦境反衬冰冷痛苦的现实，倍增其哀，这是第四层。诗至此，可以看出，在悼伤之情中，又包孕着行役的艰辛、路途的坎坷、伤别的愁绪、仕途蹭蹬的感叹等复杂感情。短短二十字，概括如此丰富深沉的感情内容，可见李商隐高度凝炼的艺术工力。
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钓雪亭》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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