酒箴
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两汉]：扬雄
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子犹瓶矣。观瓶之居，居井之眉。处高临深，动而近危。酒醪不入口，臧水满怀。不得左右，牵于纆徽。一旦叀礙，为瓽所轠。身提黄泉，骨肉为泥。自用如此，不如鸱夷。
鸱夷滑稽，腹大如壶。尽日盛酒，人复借酤。常为国器，讬于属车。出入两宫，经营公家。由是言之，酒何过乎？
酒箴创作背景
这篇文章载在《汉书·陈遵传》中，为什么《陈遵传》中有这篇文章呢？原来陈遵有个好友张竦，与他的个性恰恰相反。扬雄的文章从字面上看去好象是歌赞酒器的，这正合陈遵的胃口。于是他引用来和张竦抬杠陈遵不过断章取义而已。
酒箴鉴赏
从表面看来，原文是说水瓶朴质有用，反而易招危害，酒壶昏昏沉沉，倒能自得其乐。读者如不能体会扬雄的本意所在，也会产生不良印象，因此，后来柳宗元又作了一篇，将扬雄的话反过来，从正面叙说，另成一篇很好的文章《瓶赋》。其实也是相反而适相成的。
乍一看，扬雄这篇典型的状物小赋，着力描述的是两种盛器的命运：水瓶质朴有用，反而易招损害；酒壶昏昏沉沉，倒能自得其乐。然而，请注意开篇那句话：“子犹瓶矣。”清楚地表明了作者的意图在借器喻人。扬雄其人患有口吃，不善言谈，但文名颇盛。他的这篇《酒箴》，用的当是曲笔，反话正说，语近旨远，正所谓“假作真时真亦假”，其良苦用心，无非是要谏劝世人：莫为酒惑，应近君子而远小人。
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黄庭坚《
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书幽芳亭记》
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杜牧《
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阿房宫赋》
扬雄简介
唐代·扬雄的简介
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扬雄（公元前53～公元18）字子云，汉族。西汉官吏、学者。西汉蜀郡成都（今四川成都郫县友爱镇）人。 少好学，口吃，博览群书，长于辞赋。年四十余，始游京师，以文见召，奏《甘泉》、《河东》等赋。成帝时任给事黄门郎。王莽时任大夫，校书天禄阁。扬雄是即司马相如之后西汉最著名的辞赋家。所谓“歇马独来寻故事，文章两汉愧杨雄”。在刘禹锡著名的《陋室铭》中“西蜀子云亭”的西蜀子云即为扬雄。
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