送客贬五溪
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唐代]：韩翃
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南过猿声一逐臣，回看秋草泪沾巾。
寒天暮雪空山里，几处蛮家是主人。
送客贬五溪鉴赏
第一句的散文结构是：一个被放逐之臣，从猿啼声中一路南去。“逐臣”是主语，“过”是动词。“猿声”是宾语的精简，概括了李白的两句诗：“两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。”李白过的是巴东三峡，这个“客”过的是湘西五溪。有人说，诗句不讲语法，这是错的。诗句也有一定的语法，不过它和散文不同，为了平仄、对仗或押韵的方便，它的语法结构可以有极大程度的变易，甚至往往连动词也省掉。读诗的人，仍然应该从语法观点去推求作者的造句艺术。
第二句“回看”二字是照应上句的“过”字，这个被降谪的官员，愈走愈远，深入五溪苗家所住的区域，就不免常常回头看看来路。来路上只是一片秋草，早已望不到家乡，于是不禁泪落沾巾。下面二句说，这一段旅程尽是在寒天、暮雨、不见人迹的空山中。夜晚了，总是在苗家歇宿。“蛮”是古代汉人对少数民族的称呼。当时少数民族所住的地区，都是荒野的山区，故有“蛮荒”之称。作者设想这个“客”深入蛮荒，以蛮家为逆旅主人，是最不幸的遭遇。湘西的秋雨是整天整夜连绵不绝的，为什么作者偏说是暮雨呢？这是为了与下句挂钩，引出此“客”在暮雨中向苗家借宿的诗意。吴山民评此诗曰：“一诗酸楚，为蛮、主二字挑出。”即以为此诗末句写出了贬官的酸楚之情。这是古代汉族人对少数民族的思想感情，今天我们读此诗，就不会和古人有同感了。住在兄弟民族的家里，有什么可酸楚的呢？
韩翃所作七言绝句不多，但大多是佳作，胡应麟最称赏韩翃的七绝，他在《诗薮》内篇中举出“青楼不闭葳蕤锁，绿水回通宛转桥”、“玉勒乍回初喷沫，金鞭欲下不成嘶”、“急管昼催平乐洒，春衣夜宿杜陵花”、“晓月暂飞千树里，秋河隔在数峰西”等五六联，以为是“全首高华明秀，而古意内含，非初非盛，直是梁陈妙语，行以唐调耳”。他又举出“柴门流水依然在，一路寒山万木中”、“寒天暮雨空山里，几处蛮家是主人”这二联，以为“自是钱、刘格，虽众所共称，非其至也”。这一段评论，反映出胡应麟所喜爱的是秾丽的句子。骨子里仍是梁陈宫体，风格却是唐诗。这种诗句之所以“非初非盛”，因为初唐则还没有唐调，盛唐则已排除宫体。而在中唐诗人，渐渐地又在唐调中纳入宫体诗的题材，成为一种秾艳的律诗。这个倾向，发展到晚唐的李商隐，温飞卿而达到了极度。至于“柴门流水”、“寒天暮雨”这样的句子，还是清淡一派，属于钱起、郎士元的家数，而且还不是其中最好的，所以胡应麟似乎不很喜欢。
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上一首：
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李白《
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赠徐安宜》
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下一首：
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金地藏《
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送童子下山》
韩翃简介
唐代·韩翃的简介
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韩翃，唐代诗人。字君平，南阳（今河南南阳）人。是“大历十才子”之一。天宝13年（754）考中进士，宝应年间在淄青节度使侯希逸幕府中任从事，后随侯希逸回朝，闲居长安十年。建中年间，因作《寒食》诗被唐德宗所赏识，因而被提拔为中书舍人。韩翃诗笔法轻巧，写景别致，在当时传诵很广。
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：
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