国风·郑风·山有扶苏
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两汉]：佚名
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山有扶苏，隰有荷华。不见子都，乃见狂且。
山有乔松，隰有游龙，不见子充，乃见狡童。
国风·郑风·山有扶苏译文及注释
译文
山上有茂盛的扶苏，池里有美艳的荷花。没见到子都美男子啊，偏遇见你这个小狂徒。
山上有挺拔的青松，池里有丛生的水荭。没见到子充好男儿啊，偏遇见你这个小狡童。
注释
扶苏：树木名。一说桑树。
隰（xí席）：洼地。华：同“花”。
子都：古代美男子。
狂：狂妄的人。且（jū居）：助词。一说拙、钝也。
桥：通“乔”，高大。
游龙：水草名。即荭草、水荭、红蓼。
子充：古代良人名。
狡童：姣美的少年。
国风·郑风·山有扶苏创作背景
《毛诗序》以为这首诗可以看作是对齐女文姜的讽刺之诗。另一种说法是，此诗并非为讽刺郑昭公而作，“郑风”在历史上被当作“靡靡之音”的代名词，当时郑国男女的交往是比较开放和自由的。诗中的“狂且”、“狡童”并不是真实意义的讽刺，而是一种开玩笑式的嬉闹。
参考资料：
1、关鹏飞．探源诗经：中央广播电视大学出版社，2012：287-289
国风·郑风·山有扶苏鉴赏
《山有扶苏》为《郑风》的第十首。这首诗写一位女子在与GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人欢会时，怀着无限惊喜的心情对自己恋人的俏骂。就是这样一首明白易懂的情歌，却因历代说诗者的刻意求深而蒙上重重烟雾，仿佛诗中真有什么深意似的。《毛诗序》说，“刺忽也。所美非美然。”郑玄笺说：“言忽所美之人实非美人”，“扶胥之木生于山，喻忽置不正之人于上位也。荷花生于隰下，喻忽置有美德者于下位。此言其用臣颠倒，失其所也。”以为是讥刺郑昭公忽的，这种解说完全是曲解了诗意。今人陈子展《诗经直解》以为“疑是巧妻恨拙夫之歌谣。‘不见子都，乃见狂且’，犹云‘燕婉之求，得此戚施’也”。高亨《诗经今注》以为这诗写“一个姑娘到野外去，没见到自己的恋人，却遇着一个恶少来调戏她。”二说似乎都较牵强。程俊英《诗经译注》说：“这是写一位女子找不到如意对象而发牢骚的诗。”有一定道理。而宋儒朱熹则认为《山有扶苏》是“淫女戏其所私者。”此说倒比较接近诗旨。所谓“戏”，即俏骂之意。至于称诗中女主人公为“淫女”，完全出于道学家的偏见，因为在他看来，《郑风》中的所有恋爱诗都是“淫奔之诗”。今人袁梅《诗经译注》“这是一位女子与爱人欢会时，向对方唱出的戏谑嘲笑的短歌”之类的说法，即脱胎于朱熹之说，但扬弃了朱说的糟粕。
关于诗中所写的情景，读者不妨作这样的想像：在一个山清水秀的野外僻处，一对恋人约定在此幽会。姑娘早早就来了，可是左等右等却不见心上人来。最后，姗姗来迟的爱人总算见着了，姑娘心里当然很高兴，可嘴里却骂骂咧咧地说：我等的人是子都那样的美男子，可不是你这样的狂妄之徒啊！我等的人是子充那样的良人，可不是你这样的狡狯少年啊！处于热恋中的古代青年男女在欢会中的愉悦的心情，可以用各种形式表现，诗中所描写的那种俏骂，更能表示他们的亲密无间。小儿女的情态在诗中确实被刻画得入木三分。
至于诗中“山有扶苏，隰有荷华”和“山有桥松，隰有游龙”这四句，读者大可不必当真，以为是恋人约会环境的真实写照。在《诗经》中，“山有……，隰有……”是常用的起兴句式。如《邶风·简兮》中有“山有榛，隰有苓”；《唐风·山有枢》中有“山有枢，隰有榆”、“山有漆，隰有栗”等。清代的方玉润在《诗经原始》中说得好：“诗非兴会不能作。或因物以起兴，或因时而感兴，皆兴也。”姚际恒在《诗经通论》中也说：“兴者，但借物以起兴，不必与正意相关也。”此诗中的起兴就属于这种性质。当然，无论是高山上长的扶苏树、松树，还是水洼里盛开的荷花、红蓼，这些美好的形象，从烘托诗的意境的角度看，还是很有作用的。
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佚名《
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出其东门》
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佚名《
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