摽有梅
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两汉]：佚名
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摽有梅，其实七兮。求我庶士，迨其吉兮。
摽有梅，其实三兮。求我庶士，迨其今兮。
摽有梅，顷筐塈之。求我庶士，迨其谓之。
摽有梅译文及注释
译文
梅子落地纷纷，树上还留七成。有心求我的小伙子，请不要耽误良辰。
梅子落地纷纷，枝头只剩三成。有心求我的小伙子，到今儿切莫再等。
梅子纷纷落地，收拾要用簸箕。有心求我的小伙子，快开口莫再迟疑。
注释
摽（biào）：一说坠落，一说掷、抛。有：语助词。
七：一说非实数，古人以七到十表示多，三以下表示少。或七成，即树上未落的梅子还有七成。
庶：众多。士：未婚男子。
迨（dài）：及，趁。吉：好日子。
今：现 在。
顷筐：斜口浅筐，犹今之簸箕。塈（ jì或qì）：一说取，一说给。
谓：一说聚会；一说开口说话；一说归，嫁。
参考资料：
1、《先秦诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1998年12月版，第39页
2、洪镇涛．诗经：上海大学出版社，2012年8月：11-12
摽有梅创作背景
根据《周礼媒式》记载，先秦时代，在召南地区，每逢仲春之时，当地的媒官便让未结婚的大龄青年去幽会。本诗应当是青年女子在类似三月三这样的男女自由相会的集体狂欢中吟唱的歌曲，目的是为了吸引异性的注意，以寻觅幽会的伴侣。
参考资料：
1、方韬主编,四书五经 册2,印刷工业出版社,2013.01,第202页
摽有梅鉴赏
这是一首委婉而大胆的求爱诗。
此篇的诗旨、诗艺和风俗背景，前人基本约言点出。《毛诗序》曰：“《摽有梅》，男女及时也。召南之国，被文王之化，男女得以及时也。”“男女及时”四字，已申明诗旨；后数语乃经师附会，应当略去。《周礼·媒氏》曰：“仲春之月，令会男女。于是时也，奔者不禁。若无故而不用令者，罚之。司男女之无夫家者而会之。”明白了先民的这一婚恋习俗，对这首情急大胆的求爱诗，就不难理解了。陈奂则对此篇巧妙的兴比之意作了简明的阐释：“梅由盛而衰，犹男女之年齿也。梅、媒声同，故诗人见梅而起兴”（《诗毛氏传疏》）。龚橙《诗本义》说“《摽有梅》，急婿也。”一个“急”字，抓住了此篇的情感基调，也揭示了全诗的旋律节奏。
全诗三章，“庶士”三见。“庶”者，众多之意；“庶士”，意谓众多的小伙子。可见这位姑娘尚无意中人。她是在向整个男性世界寻觅、催促，呼唤爱情。青春无价，然流光易逝。“真正的青春，贞洁的妙龄的青春，周身充满了新鲜的血液、体态轻盈而不可侵犯的青春，这个时期只有几个月”（《罗丹艺术论·女性美》）。如今梅子黄熟，嫁期将尽，仍夫婿无觅，不能不令人情急意迫。青春流逝，以落梅为比。“其实七兮”、“其实三兮”、“顷筐塈之”，由繁茂而衰落；这也正一遍遍在提醒“庶士”：“花枝堪折直须折，莫待无花空折枝。”唐无名氏《金缕曲》之忧心“无花空折枝”，似乎深有《摽有梅》之遗意。
从抒情主人公的主观心态看，“急”就急在青春流逝而夫婿无觅。从诗篇的艺术结构看，“急”就急在三章复唱而一步紧逼一步。重章复唱，是《诗经》基本结构。但从诗意的表达看，有两种不同的形态，即重章之易辞申意和重章之循序渐进。《摽有梅》属于重章之循序渐进。三章重唱，却一层紧逼一层，生动有力地表现了主人公情急意迫的心理过程。首章“迨其吉兮”，尚有从容相待之意；次章“迨其今兮”，已见敦促的焦急之情；至末章“迨其谓之”，可谓真情毕露，迫不及待了。三复之下，闻声如见人。
珍惜青春，渴望爱情，是中国诗歌的母题之一。《摽有梅》作为春思求爱诗之祖，其原型意义在于建构了一种抒情模式：以花木盛衰比青春流逝，由感慨青春易逝而追求婚恋及时。
《摽有梅》作为先民的首唱之作，质朴而清新，明朗而深情。
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佚名《
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诗经·陈风·月出》
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佚名《
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击鼓》
佚名简介
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