国风·王风·兔爰
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两汉]：佚名
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有兔爰爰，雉离于罗。我生之初，尚无为；我生之后，逢此百罹。尚寐无吪！
有兔爰爰，雉离于罦。我生之初，尚无造；我生之后，逢此百忧。尚寐无觉！
有兔爰爰，雉离于罿。我生之初，尚无庸；我生之后，逢此百凶。尚寐无聪！
国风·王风·兔爰译文及注释
译文
野兔往来任逍遥，山鸡落网惨凄凄。在我幼年那时候，人们不用服兵役；在我成年这岁月，各种苦难竟齐集。长睡但把嘴闭起！
野兔往来任逍遥，山鸡落网悲戚戚。在我幼年那时候，人们不用服徭役；在我成年这岁月，各种忧患都经历。长睡但把眼合起！
野兔往来任逍遥，山鸡落网战栗栗。在我幼年那时候，人们不用服劳役；在我成年这岁月，各种灾祸来相逼。长睡但把耳塞起！
注释
爰（音缓）：缓之借，逍遥自在。离：同罹，陷，遭难。罗：罗网。
为：指徭役。郑笺：“为，谓军役之事也。”
罹：忧。
无吪（音俄）：不说话。一说不动。
罦（音浮）：一种装设机关的网，能自动掩捕鸟兽，又叫覆车网。
造：指劳役。朱熹《诗集传》：“造，亦为也。”
觉：清醒。
罿（音冲）：捕鸟兽的网。
庸：指劳役。郑笺：“庸，劳也。”
聪：听觉。
参考资料：
1、《先秦诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1998年12月版，第141-142页
国风·王风·兔爰创作背景
这是一首感时伤乱之作。《毛诗序》说：“《兔爰》，闵周也。桓王失信，诸侯背叛，构怨连祸，王师伤败，君子不乐其生焉。”这是依《左传》立说，有史实根据，因此《毛诗序》说此诗主题不误。但意谓作于桓王时，与诗中所写有出入。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：142-144
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：141-143
国风·王风·兔爰鉴赏
这是一首伤时感事的诗。《毛诗序》说：“《兔爰》，闵周也。桓王失信，诸侯背叛，构怨连祸，王师伤败，君子不乐其生焉。”这是依《左传》立说，有史实根据，因此《毛诗序》说此诗主题不误。但意谓作于桓王时，与诗中所写有出入。崔述《读风偶识》说：“其人当生于宣王之末年，王室未骚，是以谓之‘无为’。既而幽王昏暴，戎狄侵陵，平王播迁，室家飘荡，是以谓之‘逢此百罹’。故朱子云：‘为此诗者盖犹及见西周之盛。’（见朱熹《诗集传》）可谓得其旨矣。若以为在桓王之时，则其人当生于平王之世，仳离迁徙之余，岂得反谓之为‘无为’？而诸侯之不朝，亦不始于桓王，惟郑于桓王世始不朝耳。其于王室初无所大加损，岂得遂谓之为‘百罹’、‘百凶’也哉？窃谓此三篇者（按：指《中谷有蓷》、《葛藟》及此篇）皆迁洛者所作。”
诗共三章，各章首二句都以兔、雉作比。兔性狡猾，用来比喻小人；雉性耿介，用以比喻君子。罗、罦、罿，都是捕鸟兽的网，既可以捕雉，也可以捉兔。但诗中只说网雉纵兔，意在指小人可以逍遥自在，而君子无故遭难。通过这一形象而贴切的比喻，揭示出当时社会的黑暗。
各章中间四句，是以“我生之初”与“我生之后”作对比，表现出对过去的怀恋和对现在的厌恶：在过去，没有徭役（“无为”），没有劳役（“无造”），没有兵役（“无庸”），我可以自由自在地生活；而现在，遇到各种灾凶（“百罹”“百忧”“百凶”），让人烦忧。从这一对比中可以体会出时代变迁中人民的深重苦难。这一句式后来在传为东汉蔡琰所作的著名长篇骚体诗《胡笳十八拍》中被沿用，“我生之初尚无为，我生之后汉祚衰；天不仁兮降乱离，地不仁兮使我逢此时”，那悲怆的诗句，是脱胎于《兔爰》一诗。
各章最后一句，诗人发出沉重的哀叹：生活在这样的年代里，不如长睡不醒。愤慨之情溢于言表。方玉润说：“‘无吪’、‘无觉’、‘无聪’者，亦不过不欲言、不欲见、不欲闻已耳”（《诗经原始》），这也是《毛诗序》中所点出的君子“不乐其生”的主题。
全诗三章风格悲凉，反覆吟唱诗人的忧思，也正是《王风》中的黍离之悲，属乱世之音、亡国之音，方玉润评云：“词意凄怆，声情激越，（三国魏）阮步兵（籍）专学此种。”（《诗经原始》）
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佚名《
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小雅·小宛》
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佚名《
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鸡鸣》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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寄无可禅师
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清代：
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屈大均
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罗浮采药失佳期，闻道嵩阳锡杖移。珠海含君千里月，秋光长得慰相思。
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寄乐天
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唐代：
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元稹
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无身尚拟魂相就，身在那无梦往还。
直到他生亦相觅，不能空记树中环。
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春日郊居
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明代：
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何其伟
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出郭愁真破，探春意独偏。乾坤风物外，消息杏花前。
野竹连荒径，娇莺掠舞筵。郊空呈万汇，幽兴亦悠然。
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送张晋台博士宰徐闻
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明代：
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于慎行
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诸生祖帐拥离颜，云际飞凫不可攀。万里天悬琼岛月，三秋人住谷城山。
梅花北岭通闽路，海水南头望汉关。此日鲛人愁正极，因君欲见去珠还。
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与赵梦麟诸人游甘露寺
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明代：
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李东阳
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涧筿岩杉处处通，野寒吹雨堕空蒙。
垂藤路绕千年石，老鹤巢倾半夜风。
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绝句（三首）
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明代：
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刘基
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天堑长江似海深，江头山鬼笑埋金。
东家酿酒西家醉，世上英雄各有心。