行露
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两汉]：佚名
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厌浥行露，岂不夙夜，谓行多露。
谁谓雀无角？何以穿我屋？谁谓女无家？何以速我狱？虽速我狱，室家不足！
谁谓鼠无牙？何以穿我墉？谁谓女无家？何以速我讼？虽速我讼，亦不女从！
行露译文及注释
译文
道上露水湿漉漉，难道不想早逃去？只怕露浓难行路。
谁说麻雀没有嘴？怎么啄穿我房屋？谁说你尚未娶妻？为何害我蹲监狱？即使让我蹲监狱，你也休想把我娶！
谁说老鼠没牙齿？怎么打通我墙壁？谁说你尚未娶妻？为何害我吃官司？即使让我吃官司，我也坚决不嫁你！
注释
厌浥（yì yì益益）：潮湿。行（háng），道路。
谓：可能是畏之假借，意指害怕行道多露，与下文的“谁谓”的“谓”意不同；一说奈何。
角(jiǎo旧读jué)：鸟喙。
女：同汝，你。无家：没有成家、没有妻室。
速：招，致。狱：案件、官司。
家：媒聘求为家室之礼也。一说婆家。室家不足：要求成婚的理由不充足。
墉（yōng拥）：墙。
讼：诉讼。
参考资料：
1、《先秦诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1998年12月版，第34页
行露创作背景
这首诗的主题背景，从古至今，聚讼纷纭。余冠英《诗经选》认为是一个已有夫家的女子的家长对企图以打官司逼娶其女的强横男子的答复。现代学者昝亮认为余冠英的观点比较接近此诗原意，但诗中的主人公应是那位女子。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：32-34
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：34-35
行露鉴赏
这首诗的主旨，从古至今，聚讼纷纭。《毛诗序》联系《甘棠》而理解为召伯之时，强暴之男不能侵陵贞女，而《韩诗外传》、《列女传·贞顺篇》却认为是申女许嫁之后，夫礼不备，虽讼不行的诗作，清龚橙《诗本谊》、吴闿生《诗义会通》等承袭此说。明朱谋玮《诗故》又以为是寡妇执节不贰之词，清方玉润《诗经原始》则以为是贫士却婚以远嫌之作。今人高亨《诗经今注》认为是一个女子嫌弃夫家贫穷，不肯回家，被丈夫讼于官府而作；余冠英《诗经选》认为是一个已有夫家的女子的家长对企图以打官司逼娶其女的强横男子的答复；陈子展《诗经直解》认为是一个女子拒绝与一个已有妻室的男子重婚的诗歌。笔者认为余说近是，但诗中的主人公应是那位女子。
首章首句“厌浥行露”起调气韵悲慨，使全诗笼覃在一种阴郁压抑的氛围中，暗示这位女性所处的环境极其险恶，抗争的过程也将相当曲折漫长，次二句“岂不夙夜？谓行多露”，文笔稍曲，诗意转深，婉转道出这位女子的坚定意志。次章用比兴方法说明，即使强暴者无中生有，造谣诽谤，用诉讼来胁迫自己，她也决不屈服。“谁谓雀无角？何以穿我屋？谁谓女无家？何以速我狱”四句是正话反说，表示：雀虽有嘴而无穿我屋之理，你已有妻则无致我陷狱之理。委婉巧妙；而“虽速我狱，室家不足”两句则是正面表态，斩钉截铁，气概凛然。第三章谓：鼠虽有牙而无穿我墙之理，你已有妻则无使我遭诉讼之理，但你若欲陷我于诉讼，我也不会屈从你。句式复沓以重言之，使得感染力和说服力进一步加强。全诗风骨遒劲，格调高昂，从中读者不难体会到女性为捍卫自己的独立人格和爱情尊严所表现出来的不畏强暴的抗争精神。
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