武昌阻风
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宋代]：方泽
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江上春风留客舟，无穷归思满东流。
与君尽日闲临水，贪看飞花忘却愁。
武昌阻风译文及注释
译文
江上吹起春风将客船留在了武昌，向东奔流。
和你整天悠闲地来到水边，无穷无尽的乡思和归意如滔滔江水贪看柳絮飞花而忘记了满腹的愁绪。
注释
阻风：被风阻滞。
君：可指春风，也可指船，或船上友人。
尽日：整日。
闲：悠闲。
飞花：柳絮。
忘却：忘掉。
武昌阻风鉴赏
诗人在回家途中所乘的船在武昌被大风阻滞，只好暂留武昌。全诗用了委婉曲折的抒情手法，前后两层意思乍看相反相对，实则相辅相成；尤其是后面故作解脱流露的却是更深更沉的愁思。前两句从正面入手，写自己的真实感受。以水喻情，形象生动。后两句曲折委婉，从反面表达自己的情感。恨不得一步便跨入家门却被滞阻在半路的诗人是没有那种闲情逸致整日间到水边散步的。最后一句同样如此，表面上说自己“贪看”武昌有名的柳絮飞花的景致而忘记了忧愁，事实上却正表明了心中无尽的愁绪。
这首小诗的一个显著特点是就眼前景色取喻。所谓“无穷归思满东流”，是以水流无尽比喻内心的无限归思之情。这种手法并非方泽独创，如李白有“寄情与流水，但有长相思”之喻；李煜则说：“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”；欧阳修有“离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水”。四人皆以流水喻情思，李白喻相思之情，李煜喻愁苦之情，欧阳修喻离愁之情。不过方泽诗也有其独到处，就是即景取喻。人在船上，船在江边，临流凝睇，取水为喻，显得十分自然贴切；这水不是虚指，而是眼前的实物，这种即景取喻，最易达到情景交融的境地。
其实，全诗更“惊人”的妙处还在于委宛曲折的抒情手法。朱熹说，文章“曲折生姿”，这首诗的另一特点是它的委宛曲折、波澜起伏的抒情手法。一个人的心情，如果表现得太率直，则一览无遗，索然寡味；如果拐个弯，换个角度，欲擒故纵，欲抑故扬，便比较耐人咀嚼。这首绝句将诗人的心思和盘托出，却又盖上一层纱巾，让人去端详回味。明明是为风所阻，不得不停泊武昌，颇有迁怨于风之意，他却说“江上春风留客舟”，如同春风有意，殷勤劝留。实际是“阻”，却说“留”，这里是一折；明明是因被风所阻，无端惹了一怀愁绪，心烦意乱，他却说“与君尽日闲临水”。“君”是谁，诗人没有说，指船或者同船的友人均说得通。这无关大的主旨。重要的是“闲”字，诗人并没有那种闲情逸致来临流赋诗，这是实“愁”而说“闲”，这里又一折；明明是心中有无穷归思，有无尽乡愁，根本无心欣赏柳絮飞花，他却说“贪看飞花忘却愁”。固然，武昌柳是很有名的，古来诗人都喜欢吟咏，如孟浩然诗说：“行看武昌柳，仿佛映楼台。”但是，诗人此时的漂泊之感，使他无心去欣赏武昌的花柳。无心而说“贪看”，这里再一折。一波三折，委曲尽情，意味深长。大凡故作宽解之语的人，都缘于不解之故。这首诗正是因不解而故作宽解语。从心理学的角度看，这种故作解语式的委宛曲折的表现手法，是很合乎心理逻辑的，因而产生较强的艺术魅力。
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谢灵运《
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入彭蠡湖口》
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于谦《
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上太行山》
方泽简介
唐代·方泽的简介
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方泽，生卒不详，莆田人、字公悦。
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