双声子·晚天萧索
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宋代]：柳永
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晚天萧索，断篷踪迹，乘兴兰棹东游。三吴风景，姑苏台榭，牢落暮霭初收。夫差旧国，香径没、徒有荒丘。繁华处，悄无睹，惟闻麋鹿呦呦。
想当年、空运筹决战，图王取霸无休。江山如画，云涛烟浪，翻输范蠡扁舟。验前经旧史，嗟漫哉、当日风流。斜阳暮草茫茫，尽成万古遗愁。
双声子·晚天萧索译文及注释
译文
傍晚的江边，十分寂寞，我像折断了的蓬草，到处飘飞，如今兴致一来，又乘船向东游荡。夜雾初散，三吴地区的风景历历在目，苏州一带的亭台楼榭稀疏零落，远不及以前漂亮。这往昔属于夫差的国土，芳香馥郁的花径都湮没了，空自留下座座荒凉的小山岗。繁华的景象已经看不见，只听见麋鹿呦呦地叫嚷。
怀想当年，夫差徒然运筹帷幄，不停指挥战斗，为的是称霸逞强。江山似图画那样美丽，天空云涛滚，江中水波茫茫，但威风凛凛的他，还不如坐着小船远游的范蠡。细细研读以前的图书、历史，当时的风云、成败只能使人嗟叹神伤。夕阳斜照着无边的野革。就像那永不消逝的愁情，一片怆廉。
注释
双声子：词牌名，该格双片一百零三字。全词同韵，平韵，韵字可阴平、可阳平。凡五字句首字为领字。
萧索：萧条落寞。
断蓬：断根的蓬草，因风而四处飘飞，常以喻游子。
兰棹（zhào）：木兰树所制之桨，此以指船。
三吴：江浙一带地名，具体何指有多种说法，一般认为是苏州、润州、湖州 ，此处指苏州。
姑苏：山名，在苏州西南，上有吴王夫差所筑之姑苏台。
牢落：荒凉冷落。
夫差：春秋时吴国国君，公元前495—前473年在位， 一度称霸，后为越王勾践所灭，自杀而死。夫差都苏州，故称苏州为夫差旧国。
香径：飘满花香的园中小路，即指宫廷园圃，越曾向吴王夫差进献美女西施，“香径”亦暗示西施。
呦呦：拟鹿鸣叫声，《诗经·小雅·鹿鸣》：“呦呦鹿鸣，食野之萍。”
决战：指夫差二年，吴越会稽一战。
图王取霸：谋求称霸一方。
翻输：反而不如。
范蠡（lǐ）：春秋时越国大夫，助越王句践灭吴，后泛舟隐于五湖。此句意为夫差曾不可一世，然结局反不如范蠡，虽漂流在野，无显赫的权势地位，却能保全性命。
验：查验。此句意为查验前代经史，那些风流英雄下场往往可悲，如同夫差。
参考资料：
1、袁行霈．柳永词选：商务印书馆，2015.03：86-87
2、王洪．唐宋词精华分卷：朝华出版社，1991年10月：195-196
双声子·晚天萧索创作背景
此词风格典雅，写作态度严肃，当是柳永入仕后作的雅词，但写作的具体时间已难考定。当时柳永宦游时来到吴国故地苏州，许多古代的一遗迹使他产生了怀古的幽情，此词便是他宦游苏州所做。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 刘乃昌．中国文学名篇鉴赏·词赋卷：山东大学出版社，2007年10月：35页
双声子·晚天萧索鉴赏
上片写景，叙述三吴美好的自然风光，引发出怀古伤今之思。“晚天萧索，断蓬踪迹，乘兴兰棹东游。”薄暮的天空散发着萧索的凉意，我像无根之飞蓬浪迹天涯，乘兴驾舟东游。开篇点出了东游的时间背景。“三吴风景，姑苏台榭，牢落暮霭初收。”因西南有姑苏山，有姑苏台建于其上而得名。三吴的风景，姑苏的亭台，全都笼罩在沉沉的暮色中。“夫差旧国，香径没、徒有荒丘。繁华处，悄无睹，惟闻麋鹿呦呦。”当年的御阶宫道已被乱石衰草所埋没，昔日的繁华景象早已灰飞烟灭，只剩下一片麋鹿哀鸣的荒凉山丘。“麋鹿呦呦”，据《史记·淮南王传》载：“王坐东宫，召伍被与谋曰：‘将军上。’被帐然曰：‘上宽赦大王，王复安得此亡国之语乎！’臣闻子胥谏吴王，吴王不用，乃曰：‘臣今见麇鹿游姑苏之台也’。今臣亦见宫中生荆棘，露沾衣也。”后人以麋鹿游姑苏台比喻亡国。此处开启下片，引发了柳永词鉴赏词人的怀古之思。
下片追忆春秋吴越争霸的旧事，抒发了深沉的历史兴亡慨叹。“想当年，空运筹决战，图王取霸无休。”据《史记》载：“二年，吴王悉精兵，以伐越，败之夫椒，报姑苏也。”想当年，吴越争霸，堂堂夫差空有运筹之志，却不知审时度势，图王争霸无止无休，最终招致了亡国之灾。越败姑苏之后，对吴称臣。吴王刚愎自用，不听伍子胥劝谏放虎归山，将越王勾践君臣放归越国，给自己埋下了亡国的祸根。之后又频频兴师北伐，与齐、晋等北方诸侯强国争霸，劳民伤财。越王趁机励精图治，积蓄力量，志在报复，最终在越国强大军事力量的反攻下，仓惶败溃，落得身死亡国的下场。“空”字，意味深远，饱含了对吴国兴亡的深深感叹。“江山如画，云涛烟浪，翻输范蠡舟。验前经旧史，嗟漫载、当日风流。”意谓吴王好大喜功，“图王取霸无休”，反将大好河山拱手输给了泛舟五湖的范蠡，可叹啊，前朝旧史中不知有多少灰飞烟灭的风流人物。“斜阳暮草茫茫，尽成万古遗愁。"斜日里衰草连天，历史的长河中涌动着不尽的千古遗愁。
这是一首即兴而作的咏史诗，意境深沉，格调苍凉，谋篇布局洋洋洒洒，颇有大家风范。历史带走的是一身尘埃，在这不尽的长河中，人的绵薄之力犹如苍海一粟，显得那样微不足道。“江山如画，云涛烟浪”，滚滚而去的历史长河给后人留下的只有无穷无尽的慨叹。
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早春野望》
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姜夔《
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一萼红·古城阴》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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清代：
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屈大均
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射干才一朵，瓶小不胜花。剪似春罗碎，翩如綵蝶斜。
白头簪不可，素手赠谁家。砚侧间相映，光含一点霞。
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送赵升卿之韶幕
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宋代：
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梅尧臣
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舟车历尽险，风物乃还君。
俎肉应多味，虞韶不复闻。
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部斋閒居简周伯明寅长
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明代：
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王廷相
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省垣梧竹抱幽虚，吏散萧然似隐居。风冷池亭犹岸帻，日斜窗几有摊书。
身依明主忻难遇，官佐戎机愧自疏。有美东曹称独步，腐儒何幸接簪裾。