惜芳春·秋望
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元代]：乔吉
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千山落叶岩岩瘦，百尺危阑寸寸愁。有人独倚晚妆楼。楼外柳，眉暗不禁秋。
惜芳春·秋望鉴赏
起首两句对仗，托出了“秋望”的题面。两句的角度不同，前句是望中的秋景，后句是秋望的所在地与望者的心情。但两者又是互为映发的，其间的维系就是一种悲秋的情调。先看前句。“千山落叶”是深秋常见的景象，而作者则强调其“瘦”的特征，且谓“岩岩瘦”，简直是嶙峋骨立。但同样的景象，前人也有“落木千山天远大”（黄庭坚《登快阁》）的感受，可见景语本身无不带有观察者的主观感情色彩。再看次句，“百尺危阑寸寸愁”，就明白地点出了“愁”的无处不在。这一句写的是人物的感想，登高望远，处处见山川萧瑟，时令肃杀，倚遍阑杆，始终心情黯然。“寸寸”二字，见出了伤愁的细腻多端，令人遐想。这样，前句的写景便成了愁意的外化，后句的言愁也有了物象的衬托，从追寻两者的联系来看，甚而会使读者产生望山的愁人也是“岩岩瘦”的联想：这就是词曲常用的“暗映”手法。
第三句补明了“百尺危阑寸寸愁”的主角形象，用语清疏，而同样弥漫着哀怨悱恻的气氛。“晚妆楼”显示了主人公是一名年轻女子，“晚”虽是“妆”的修饰词，却同时有着时近黄昏的暗示意味。“晚妆楼”前着“独倚”二字，清楚地表明了她独守空闺的思妇身份，令人联想起“梳洗罢，独倚望江楼”（温庭筠《望江南》）、“暝色入高楼，有人楼上愁”（李白《菩萨蛮》）等前人诗词的意境。全句是一幅人物剪影，更是画龙点睛之笔。它回应并揭示了前两句的句外之旨，使读者恍然理解了她登楼远望、倚遍危阑的真正用心是在于怀人，而不只是悲秋。
结尾二句毫不松懈，将“秋望”的哀怨之意推到了十分。“楼外柳”是女子引领注视所在，既然“千山落叶”，柳叶“不禁秋”自是意料中事。但古人又常以柳喻女子眉，所谓“人言柳叶似愁眉”、“芙蓉如面柳如眉”，则末句的“眉暗不禁秋”就成了巧妙的双关。“瘦”、“愁”、“独倚”、“不禁秋”，至此便传神地完成了女子本身形象的写照。
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顾敻《
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浣溪沙·露白蟾明又到秋》
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乔吉《
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惜芳春·秋望》
乔吉简介
唐代·乔吉的简介
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乔吉(1280?～1345) 元代杂剧家、散曲作家。一称乔吉甫，字梦符，号笙鹤翁，又号惺惺道人。太原人，流寓杭州。钟嗣成在《录鬼簿》中说他“美姿容，善词章，以威严自饬，人敬畏之”，又作吊词云：“平生湖海少知音，几曲宫商大用心。百年光景还争甚？空赢得，雪鬓侵，跨仙禽，路绕云深。”从中大略可见他的为人。剧作存目十一，有《杜牧之诗酒扬州梦》、《李太白匹配金钱记》、《玉箫女两世姻缘》三种传世。
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