弹歌
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两汉]：佚名
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断竹，续竹；
飞土，逐宍。
弹歌译文及注释
译文
去砍伐野竹，连接起来制成弓；
打出泥弹，追捕猎物。
注释
弹歌（dàngē）：古歌谣名。汉·赵晔《吴越春秋·勾践阴谋外传》载，范蠡进善射者稀，勾践询以弓弹之理，陈音于应对中引古歌曰：“断竹，续竹，飞土，逐宍。”《古诗源》卷一有《弹歌》一首，曰：“断竹，续竹，飞土，逐宍。”《文心雕龙·章句》作“《竹弹》之谣”。
宍（ròu 肉）：“肉”的古字。
弹歌鉴赏
此篇和《伊耆氏蜡辞》都是上古歌谣。所谓的上古歌谣，指产生于原始社会和奴隶社会早期的民间歌谣，是《诗经》以前人民的口头创作。由于年代久远，原始社会的口头创作流传到后世并被记录下来的寥寥无几。现在能见到的上古歌谣，多数是进入奴隶社会以后的产物。见于《周易》的较多，在《尚书》、《礼记》等古代典籍中也偶有记载。上古时期，生产力落后，还没有体力劳动与脑力劳动的分工，因而还不可能出现后世所谓的“纯文学”。
上古歌谣在思想内容上的最大特色是与现实生活的紧密联系。在艺术形式上，作为古老的民间口头创作，一般都具有字句简短、语言质朴和节奏明快的特点。通过对《弹歌》等的赏析，读者可以更为具体地加深对上古歌谣的认识和了解。
《弹歌》选自《吴越春秋》。《吴越春秋》记载，春秋时期，越国的国君勾践向楚国的射箭能手陈音询问弓弹的道理，陈音在回答时引用了这首《弹歌》。《吴越春秋》为东汉赵晔所著，成书较晚。但从《弹歌》的语言和内容加以推测，这首短歌很可能是从原始社会口头流传下来而经后人写定的。这是一首反映原始社会狩猎生活的二言诗，句短调促，节奏明快，读来很有情趣。
全诗才八个字，却写出了从制作工具到进行狩猎的全过程。
制作工具共分两步。先是“断竹”，即砍伐竹子。由这两个字指引，读者仿佛见到一群围裹着树叶、兽皮的原始先民在茂密的原始竹林旁正手拿骨刀、石斧在砍伐根根竹子。“续竹”是制作过程的第二步。歌中没有交代“断竹”后怎样削枝、去叶、破竹成片，从画面的组接上来讲，从“断竹”到“续竹”，中间已有所省略、承转。所谓“续竹”，是指用野藤之类韧性植物连接竹片两端，制成弹弓。至此，狩猎工具已经制成。以下便接写打猎。
打猎也分两步。先是“飞土”，把泥弹装到弓上打出去。至于泥弹的制作过程，诗中也未作交代，但从“续竹”到“飞土”，可以想见还有一个制作泥弹的环节。“飞土”的目标，或是飞禽，或是走兽，一旦打中，便向猎获物奔去。“逐宍”便是指追捕受伤的鸟兽。“宍”，为古“肉”字，指代飞禽走兽。
根据社会发展史和古人类学的研究，人类学会制作弓箭之类狩猎工具，已是原始社会的新石器时代。那时的人类究竟怎样进行生产劳动和生活的，只能向残存的原始洞岩壁画和上古歌谣以及考古发现中去探寻。在这一点上，这首古老的《弹歌》起到了活化石的作用。因为有了它，后人才得以窥见洪荒时代先民们生产与生活的部分生动图景。
从艺术表现的角度来看，此歌虽仅简短的八个字，却包容了从制作工具到获取猎物的全过程，容量很大，对狩猎的艺术表现也比较成功。当然这种简短是早期书面语言表达尚处于雏形的反映。然而审美具有历史性，以今人的艺术鉴赏眼光来看，可以发现作者不自觉地运用了省略、多用和巧用动词的表现手法。不仅每一句的主语“我们”都省略，更主要的是场景之中以及场景之间的次要过程也省略了。每句以一个动词带出，使画面富于动感，且容易唤起人们对“断”、“续”、“飞”、“逐”动作前后过程的联想。此诗的语言两个字一顿，节奏明快，凝重有力。韵字“竹”、“竹”、“宍”，以入声“-K”收韵，更增加了诗句的凝重感，令人联想起先民们在极端低下的生产力条件和严酷的自然条件下，颇不轻松的劳动场面。
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