如梦令·一饷凝情无语
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宋代]：王之道
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一饷凝情无语。手捻梅花何处。倚竹不胜愁，暗想江头归路。东去。东去。短艇淡烟疏雨。
如梦令·一饷凝情无语鉴赏
“一饷疑情无语”，显然不是终日无语、整日销凝而是忽然间因触景生情而产生的惆怅。从次句看，很可能是因攀折梅花所致。这情形有类于《西洲曲》“忆梅下西洲，折梅寄江北”，从忆梅到折梅，引起对远人的怀思有一个从无意到有意的过程。折梅与怀人有关，所来自远，南朝刘宋时陆凯赠范晔诗云：“折梅逢驿使，寄与陇头人。江南无所有，聊赠一枝春。”故次句言“手捻梅花何处”，其意仍在怀思远人。“何处”二字则有欲寄无由的苦恼，故“手捻”梅枝，彷徨徘徊。
女子所怀何人，下句更有暗示。“倚竹不胜愁”，系用杜诗《佳人》“天寒翠袖薄，日暮倚修竹”句意，杜诗写了一位为丈夫所遗弃的妇人自保贞洁的德操品行。这里用以暗示词中女主人公离居的忧伤，和对远人一往情深的盼望。同时又沿用杜诗，以翠竹之高节拟人“暗想江归路”，则进一步点出其人远人的踪迹，想当初，他从“江头”扬帆远去的，而此时也该从去路归来了吧！这句“暗想”联上“凝情无语”云云，又进一步通过状态表情，表现女子那深沉的思念，难以用言语表达。而“江头归路”联上“何处”云云，又使人联想到唐诗“妾梦不离江水上，人传郎在凤凰山”（张潮）的意境，使人体会到她的内心之痴迷。
从“暗想江头归路”到末二句“东去，东去，短艇淡烟疏雨”，在意象上有一个跳跃。两字“去”字，可推知不是丈夫归来，倒是出外时的情景。那时，他就乘着一叶行舟在烟雨迷蒙的江头离她东去，那景象是如此凄迷，记忆又是如此犹新，令人难以忘怀。这种倒叙不仅使读者领略到更多忧伤，丰富了词人的内蕴；而且造成一种类乎汉诗“步出城东门，遥望江南路。前日风雪中，故人从此去”的意境，既显示出女主人公企盼的失望，又增加了其性格的温润。
“词人难于令曲，如诗之难于绝句，不过十数句，一句一字闲不得。末句最当留意，有有余不尽之意始佳。”（张炎《词源》卷下）这首词的作者，注意措语用意的深婉，做到了句无闲字而有余意；结尾处所造想象中境界，亦饶悠悠不尽之韵味，故称合作。
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郑光祖《
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吴文英《
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瑞鹤仙·晴丝牵绪乱》
王之道简介
唐代·王之道的简介
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公元一〇九三年至一一六九年字彦猷，庐州濡须人。生于宋哲宗元祐八年，卒于孝宗乾道五年，年七十七岁。善文，明白晓畅，诗亦真朴有致。为人慷慨有气节。宣和六年，（公元一一二四年）与兄之义弟之深同登进士第。对策极言燕云用兵之非，以切直抑制下列。调历阳丞。绍兴和议初成，之道方通判滁州，力陈辱国非便。大忤秦桧意，谪监南雄盐税。坐是沦废者二十年。后累官湖南转运判官，以朝奉大夫致仕。之道著有相山集三十卷，《四库总目》相山词一卷，《文献通考》传于世。
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