行路难
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唐代]：释宝月
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君不见孤雁关外发，酸嘶度扬越。
空城客子心肠断，幽闺思妇气欲绝。
凝霜夜下拂罗衣，浮云中断开明月。
夜夜遥遥徒相思，年年望望情不歇。
寄我匣中青铜镜，倩人为君除白发。
行路难，行路难，夜闻南城汉使度，使我流泪忆长安！
行路难鉴赏
《行路难》为乐府旧题，古辞不存。《乐府解题》说：“《行路难》备言世路艰难及离别悲伤之意，多以‘君不见’为首。”《续晋阳秋》说：“袁山松善音乐，北人旧歌有《行路难》曲，辞颇疏质，山松好之，乃为文其章句，婉其节制。每因酒酣从而歌之，听者莫不流涕。”可见《行路难》词多悲哀之音。
此诗由三个层次构成。首四句为第一层，写游子思妇，两个方面同时着笔，而以秋夜闻雁声贯串。以孤雁哀鸣写游子思妇，这是古诗中常用的手法。如曹丕《杂诗》：“草虫鸣何悲，孤雁独南翔。郁郁多悲思，绵绵思故乡。……向风长叹息，断绝我中肠。”又说：“漫漫秋夜长，烈烈北风凉。展转不能寐，披衣起彷徨。彷徨忽已久，白露沾我裳。”此诗颇有化用曹诗的地方，而曹诗又是从借鉴《古诗十九首·明月何皎皎》来。诗的首句以“君不见”起，是《行路难》乐府题的常格。从孤雁发于“关外”，远度“扬越”，由北而南，知此时正是深秋节令。“孤雁”一语虽已成为这类题材的凝固意念，但它对游子或思妇说来，仍是一种心理反射。而“酸嘶”与之呼应，也是从人即游子、思妇的感受说起。第三句“空城客子心肠断”，第四句“幽闺思妇气欲绝”，都从夜闻“孤雁”而来；一个“心肠断”，一个“气欲绝”，一种相思，两处相关，而雁声则为传情之物。
以下两层分写思妇、游子。第五句至第十句写思妇。思妇因怀人夜不能寐，一个人孤独地在庭前踱着步，不知不觉，已过了深夜。忽然低头看见罗衣上已结满霜华，便用衣袖轻轻拂了几下，可是仍无意回房。她抬眼望望天空，许久天上连一颗星星也看不见，这工夫却见浮云裂开一道缝隙，露出一轮满月，洒下遍地清辉。人说月圆是亲人团聚的吉兆，以前她自己也总是盼望月圆时，可是月亮一次次圆了又缺了，GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人却始终未归；多少年过去了，“夜夜遥遥徒相思”。尽管如此，思妇的一片痴情终不歇。“望望”，是望了又望，望了又望，望穿双眼。此篇写思妇怀人之苦，情境、意蕴并没有什么特别。它与传统不同的地方，在于表现技巧。如《古诗十九首·孟冬寒气至》：“孟冬寒气至，北风何惨栗。愁多知夜长，仰观众星列。三五明月满，四五蟾兔缺。”其意象有某种集合性，其表情方式也基本是直接抒发，不假缘饰。此篇则有所不同。其情感则是从景物的变化及人的具体行为中见出。此种情况，以“凝霜夜下拂罗衣，浮云中断开明月”为特著。这样不仅形象鲜明，而且更含蓄蕴藉。第九句和第十句“寄我匣中青铜镜，倩人为君除白发”，更显得情意深长。青铜镜在匣中珍藏多年，本是为待游子的归来，可是游子总不见归来，这青铜镜留在匣中就没有什么作用。青铜镜本是为照青鬓朱颜，可如今，他大约已添了白发了，于是想到寄镜。不言悲凉之意，自是悲从中来。“倩人为君除白发”，表现思妇对游子的体谅之情，细意委曲。这两句诗意紧扣上句的“情不歇”三字。
第十一句至第十四句为第三层，写游子。“行路难”三字，用乐府点题之法；重复之，加重感情的抒发。“行路难，行路难”，如一声声悲怆的叹息。以下二句是“行路难”一语的落脚点。“夜闻”“汉使度”，表明游子流落胡中。因多年羁留异国他乡不得回归故土，闻汉使而遽兴故国之悲思。结尾句著“忆长安”一语，与第二层呼应，以见出两情如一，上扣第一层闻鸿“肠断”、“气绝”。
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柳永《
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破阵乐·露花倒影》
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曹丕《
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杂诗二首》
释宝月简介
唐代·释宝月的简介
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释宝月，南朝萧齐时期诗僧。生卒时间及生平不详。俗姓康，一说姓庾，胡人后裔，善解音律，颇有文名。《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗》辑得其诗五首。
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：
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