菩萨蛮·归鸿声断残云碧
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宋代]：李清照
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归鸿声断残云碧。背窗雪落炉烟直。烛底凤钗明。钗头人胜轻。
角声催晓漏。曙色回牛斗。春意看花难。西风留旧寒。
菩萨蛮·归鸿声断残云碧译文及注释
译文
大雁南归，声声鸣叫，使人断肠的鸣声消失在布着丝丝残云的碧空中。窗外飘下了纷纷扬扬的雪花，室内垂直地升起了一缕炉烟。在微微烛光的映照下她头上插戴着明亮的凤钗，凤钗上所装饰的人胜首饰那么轻巧。
一夜凄凄角声把晓色催来，看晓漏已是黎明时分，斗转星横，天将破晓。转眼天光大亮，报春的花儿想是开放了吧。但是时在早春，西风还余威阵阵，花儿仍然受到料峭春寒的威胁，那有心思出来争春！
注释
菩萨蛮：词牌名。
归鸿：这里指春天北归的大雁。碧：青绿色。
背窗：身后的窗子。
凤钗：即头钗，古代妇女的首饰。因其形如凤，故名。人胜：剪成人形的首饰。《荆楚岁时记》：“正月七日为人日。以七种菜为羹，剪彩为人，或镂金薄（箔）为人，以贴屏风，亦戴之头鬓。”人、胜：皆古人于人日所戴饰物，始于晋唐。
角：古代军中的一种乐器。此处含有敌兵南逼之意。晓漏：拂晓时的滴漏。漏：古代滴水计时的器具。
牛斗：与斗、牛同。两个星宿名。
参考资料：
1、刘瑜．李清照全词．济南：山东友谊出版社，1998：263-264
2、陈祖美．李清照作品赏析集．成都：巴蜀书社，1992：99-102
菩萨蛮·归鸿声断残云碧创作背景
这首词作于公元1129年（宋高宗建炎三年）。靖康之变后，李清照与赵明诚的家乡青州府失陷，家藏十余屋的书画古器被焚。赵明诚南下江宁任职，李清照随之南迁。随之赵明诚病故，给李清照极大的打击，特别是南渡以后国破家亡，满目惨淡使得她更感凄楚悲凉。
参考资料：
1、周汝昌 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（唐·五代·北宋）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：1185-1186
菩萨蛮·归鸿声断残云碧鉴赏
这首词是李清照后期词作的名篇之一。下面是中华诗词学会理事徐培均先生对此词的赏析要点。
此词起首二句寓有飘零异地之感。望归鸿而思故里，见碧云而起乡愁，几乎成了唐宋词的一条共同规律。然而随着词人处境、心情的不同，也能写出不同的特色。“归鸿声断”，是写听觉；“残云碧”是写视觉，短短一句以声音与颜色渲染了一个凄清冷落的环境气氛。那嘹亮的雁声渐渐消失了，词人想寻觅它的踪影，可是天空中只有几朵碧云；此刻的情绪自然是怅然若失。稍顷，窗外飘下了纷纷扬扬的雪花，室内升起了一缕炉烟。雪花与香烟内外映衬，给人以静而美的印象。“炉州”下着一“立”字，形象更为鲜明，似乎室内空气完全静止了，香烟垂直上升，纹丝不动。
这首词的时间和空间都有一个转移的过程，但这一切都是通过景物的变换和情绪的发展在不知不觉中完成的。从“残石碧”到“凤钗明”到“曙色回牛斗”，既表明空间从寥廓的天宇到狭小的居宝以至枕边，也说明时间从薄暮到深夜，以至天明。过片二句中的角声是指军中的号角。漏是指古代的计时器铜壶滴漏，引申为时刻、时间；着“催”字，似乎是一夜角声把晓色催来，反映了词人彻夜不眠的苦况。周邦彦《蝶恋花·早行》词云：“月皎惊乌栖不定，更漏将残，辘牵金井。”细节虽不同，手法正相似。它们都是通过客观景物的色彩、声响和动态，表现主人翁通宵不寐的神态。所不同的是用词乃写男女临别之夜的辗转不安，李词则写客居外地的惆怅情怀。周词风格较为妍艳，李词风格较为沉郁。
此词给人最突出的印象是淡永。宋人张端义谓易安词“皆以寻常语度人音律，炼句精巧则易。平淡人调者难”〔《贵耳集》卷上〕。构成淡永的因素大约有三：一是格词轻灵而感情深挚；二是语言浅谈而意味隽永；三是细节丰富而不痴肥。仔细玩索，当能得其崖略。（《唐宋词鉴赏辞典——唐·五代·北宋》，上海辞书出版杜1988年4月出版）。
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柳永《
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西平乐·尽日凭高目》
李清照简介
唐代·李清照的简介
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李清照（1084年3月13日～1155年5月12日）号易安居士，汉族，山东省济南章丘人。宋代（南北宋之交）女词人，婉约词派代表，有“千古第一才女”之称。所作词，前期多写其悠闲生活，后期多悲叹身世，情调感伤。形式上善用白描手法，自辟途径，语言清丽。论词强调协律，崇尚典雅，提出词“别是一家”之说，反对以作诗文之法作词。能诗，留存不多，部分篇章感时咏史，情辞慷慨，与其词风不同。有《易安居士文集》《易安词》，已散佚。后人有《漱玉词》辑本。今有《李清照集校注》。
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