桑茶坑道中
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宋代]：杨万里
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晴明风日雨干时，草满花堤水满溪。
桑茶坑道中译文及注释
译文
雨后的晴天，风和日丽，地面上的雨水已经蒸发得无踪无影，小溪里的流水却涨满河槽，岸边野草繁茂，野花肆意开放。
堤岸旁的柳阴里，一位小牧童躺在草地上，睡梦正酣。而那头牛只管埋头吃草，越走越远，直吃到柳林西面。
注释
桑茶坑：地名，在安徽泾县。
草满花堤（dī）：此处倒装，即花草满堤。
童子：儿童；未成年的男子。柳阴：柳下的阴影。诗文中多以柳阴为游憩佳处。
桑茶坑道中创作背景
此诗当作于公元1192年（宋光宗绍熙三年）。杨万里六十六岁，朝廷下令于江南诸郡行使铁钱会子，杨万里上书谏阻，不奉诏，得罪宰臣，最后获授秘阁修撰、提举万寿宫，于八月谢病自免，回归吉水。这首诗是杨万里当年在安徽泾县桑茶坑路上所作。
参考资料：
1、章楚藩 等．杨万里诗歌赏析集．成都：巴蜀书社，1994：212-214
2、章楚藩 等．杨万里诗歌赏析集．成都：巴蜀书社，1994：272
桑茶坑道中鉴赏
此诗描写夏日江南田野水边的景色：刚下过一阵雨，暖日和风，溪水盈盈；河岸上，草绿花红，柳荫浓密；渲染出明媚、和暖的氛围；同时描绘了儿童牧牛与牛吃草的动态画面，营造了生机无限的意境。全诗远景写意，着色粗放淋漓；近景写人，工笔勾勒，细致入微。诗中浸润着古典的静穆与纯净。
此诗语言浅显易懂。首句写得平易，“晴明风日雨干时”，点明一个大晴天，雨后初晴之日，阳光透亮，风儿流畅，地面的积水正被阳光蒸发，被风儿吹干。一雨一晴，风调雨顺，又是农业生产的好时光。全句展示出的大自然不是死寂的，而是流动的。“草满花堤水满溪”，在这样好的气候条件下，小溪被雨水充盈了，水面和堤齐平，这种情景用“满”字是合适的，常见的；而以“满”字写堤上花儿草儿繁盛之状，原也不足为奇，但“满”在这里作为动词，仿佛青草有意识地去装点堤岸一般，这就生动有趣了。这样的“花堤”，正是放牛的好去处啊。
于是，诗人的眼睛发现了“童子柳阴眠正着”，童子在柳树的浓荫下酣睡。在诗的节奏上，第三句是个顿挫。前两句写的是自然界景物，都充满生气和动态，到了最有生命力的人（又是活泼可爱的孩子），却呼呼大睡，一动不动。轻快的诗歌节奏在这里仿佛停了下来，放慢了速度。然而，情绪上的顿挫，是为了推出第四句“一牛吃过柳阴西。”童子的牛在哪儿呢？牛儿吃着吃着，已经挪到了柳阴的西边去了。因为牧童的安然静止睡眠，使牛儿得以自由自在地吃草，悠然地动着。画面因牛的活动，又活动起来。这样一静一动，和谐自然。这里把牧牛童子和牛的神态写活了，富有生活气息。
这首诗前两句写出了由雨而晴，由湿而干，溪水由浅而满，花草于风中摇曳，大自然充满了生机的律“动”；第三句写出了牧童柳荫下酣睡的自然悠闲的“静”，加上第四句“一牛吃过柳阴西”的时动时静，形成了这首诗独特的生活情趣和原始朴素的美感。
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辛弃疾《
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浣溪沙·泉湖道中赴闽宪别诸君》
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杨万里《
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桑茶坑道中》
杨万里简介
唐代·杨万里的简介
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杨万里，字廷秀，号诚斋，男，汉族。吉州吉水（今江西省吉水县）人。南宋杰出诗人，与尤袤、范成大、陆游合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”、“南宋四大家”。
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