思佳客·题周草窗武林旧事
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宋代]：张炎
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梦里瞢腾说梦华。莺莺燕燕已天涯。蕉中覆处应无鹿，汉上从来不见花。
今古事，古今嗟。西湖流水响琵琶。铜驼烟雨栖芳草，休向江南问故家。
思佳客·题周草窗武林旧事译文及注释
译文
只能在恍惚的梦中重温昔日的繁华，莺莺燕燕都已经散走天涯。郑人藏于庙中的芭蕉叶下原本就没有鹿，周人在汉上也没有见过仙女散花。
古争朝代兴衰变迁，只能哀叹世事无常。西湖流水依旧潺潺，如弹奏的琵琶曲。西晋索靖手指洛阳宫门前的铜驼，感叹天下将要动乱。不要面对江南询问家乡故园的情况。
注释
思佳客：词牌名，又名《思越人》、《鹧鸪天》、《醉梅花》等。双调，五十五字，前片四句三平韵，后片五句三平韵。
瞢（méng）腾：糊里糊涂。
梦华：梦中的繁华，此指已经逝去的繁华。间接用《列子》黄帝梦游华胥国的典故，直接用《东京梦华录》记北宋汴都旧闻一事，以借指“武林旧事”。
莺莺燕燕：借用苏轼《张子野年八十五，尚闻买妾，述古令作诗》中“诗人老去莺莺在，公子归来燕燕忙”句，代指歌姬舞妓。
嗟：慨叹、叹息。
铜驼：此代指皇宫和南宋王朝。魏晋时国都洛阳皇宫门外立有二铜驼。
参考资料：
1、杜茂功选注；王文超总编；王德俊副总编．九都洛阳历史文化丛书 九都诗韵：中国科学文化出版社，2001年：第347页
2、张傲飞．唐诗宋词名家鉴赏大全集：高等教育出版社，2010年：第377页
思佳客·题周草窗武林旧事创作背景
周草窗即周密，张炎当年好友。《武林旧事》是周密在宋亡之后所写的一本笔记。而在第九卷中，记述了绍兴二十一年（1151）十月，宋高宗驾临张炎六世祖张俊府邸一事，写当时张府为迎圣驾，大摆御筵，场面甚是奢华隆重。张炎在颠沛流离时读此文，触动了心中愁思，于是写下该词。
参考资料：
1、韦立军．宋词鉴赏辞典：北京出版社，2009年：第311-312页
思佳客·题周草窗武林旧事鉴赏
该词围绕临安（今杭州）、西湖来写。上片说临安盛日都成梦影。起着“梦里瞢腾”二句，引用二典。“梦华”引用《烈子》黄帝梦游华胥国的典故，“梦里梦瞢腾漫梦华”，昔目的盛景在《武林旧事》中历历在目，然而盛景不再，只能在梦中畅游昔日年华。一个“梦”字表现感慨之深，回思之痛。
“莺燕”用苏轼“诗人老去莺莺在，公子归来燕燕忙”（《述古令作诗》），这里代指歌姬舞妓，说往日的歌姬舞妓都已散表走天涯。次二句“蕉中覆处”，也引用二典。“蕉无鹿”。出自《列子·周穆王》，“郑人有薪于野者，遇骇鹿，御而击之，毙之。恐人之见之也，遽而藏诸隍中，覆之以蕉，不胜其喜；俄而遗其所藏之处，遂以为梦焉。”“直中覆处应无鹿”言旧欢难再，旧况难现，如同蕉中寻鹿。“汉上花”用《韩诗外传》典，据载周人郑交甫在汉上遇二神女与之交谈，其言甚欢后神女解佩赠珠而去。郑喜不自禁，不料刚走数步，珠不见了，二女也不见踪影。”汉上从来不见花”与上句意同，指汉上本来无花。此二句对偶工整、意理深含，不管“蕉下无鹿”，还是汉上无花”，都说明书中所记临安的“梦华”，实质上就如同“痴梦”，“空华”。淡淡两句，情意无穷，感伤至深。
下片以兴亡盛衰无常的感慨，又表达出作者对国仇家恨的痛楚。“今古事”三句，承接上片言古今兴衰，古今都难以摆脱，只能哀叹世事的无常，如西湖流水演奏的琵琶曲。又有人言“西湖流水雨琵琶”借用杜牧《泊秦淮》诗中“商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花”，（后庭花是琵琶曲）指对古今兴衰，仍有人置若罔闻，如亡国之商女犹无恨，仍在演奏《后庭花》这样的艳词琵琶曲。此解亦有道理。“铜驼烟雨栖芳草，休向江南问故家。”此句表明人世难料，不要问家乡变迁，人生巨变。
全词情深意切，真情实感露诸笔端，是一首佳作。
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白居易《
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偶作寄朗之》
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苏轼《
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千秋岁·次韵少游》
张炎简介
唐代·张炎的简介
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张炎（1248年－1320年），字叔夏，号玉田，晚年号乐笑翁。祖籍陕西凤翔。六世祖张俊，宋朝著名将领。父张枢，“西湖吟社”重要成员，妙解音律，与著名词人周密相交。张炎是勋贵之后，前半生居于临安，生活优裕，而宋亡以后则家道中落，晚年漂泊落拓。著有《山中白云词》，存词302首。张炎另一重要的贡献在于创作了中国最早的词论专著《词源》，总结整理了宋末雅词一派的主要艺术思想与成就，其中以“清空”，“骚雅”为主要主张。
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