咏怀八十二首·其三十二
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魏晋]：阮籍
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去此若俯仰，如何似九秋。
人生若尘露，天道邈悠悠。
齐景升丘山，涕泗纷交流。
孔圣临长川，惜逝忽若浮。
去者余不及，来者吾不留。
愿登太华山，上与松子游。
渔父知世患，乘流泛轻舟。
咏怀八十二首·其三十二鉴赏
“朝阳不再盛，白日忽西幽”，首二句从象征时光流逝的白日写起。句式与曹植《赠徐干》中“惊风飘白日，忽然归西山”相同，表现出光景西驰，白驹过隙，盛年流水，一去不再的忧生感情。只不过阮诗未写“白日”匿于何处，曹诗落实是“西山”。一偏于形象、一偏于说理；一重在写景起兴，一重在寓意象征故也。“去此若尘露，天道邈悠悠”，闻人倓说“去此”指“去魏盛时”，谓曹魏之盛在俯仰之间转瞬即逝。由此可知，首句“朝阳”、“白日”之谓，不仅象征时光袂忽，且有喻指曹魏政权由显赫繁盛趋于衰亡，一去不返，终归寂灭的深层寓意。在这里，诗人把人生短促的挽歌与曹魏国运式微的感叹交融在一起，双重寓意互相交叉、互相生发，置于诗端而笼罩全篇，下十二句，均受其统摄。
先是“人生若尘露”二句，以“人生——天道”的强烈对比，写人生与国运的短促。在“悠悠”天道和永恒的宇宙中，曹魏政权都去若俯仰，何况区区一介寒士，不过如尘似露，倾刻消亡罢了。
下“齐景升丘山”四句，再用齐景公惜命，孔子伤逝的典故，极写人生与国运的短促。《韩诗外传》曾记载齐景公游牛山北望齐时说：“美哉国乎？郁郁泰山！使古而无死者，则寡人将去此而何之？”言毕涕泪沾襟。《论语·子罕》则记载孔子对一去不返的流水说：“逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。”在齐景公登牛山，见山川之美，感叹自身不永痛哭和孔子对流水的惜逝中，诗人对个人命运和对国运的双重忧虑，比先前的比喻和对比更深了一层。
如此袂忽的人世，诗人将如何自保？值此深重的忧患，诗人又如何解脱？“去者余不及，来者吾不留”十字，乃大彻大悟语。末六句，诗人断《楚辞·远游》、《庄子·渔父》两章而取其文意。前四句，取《远游》“往者余弗及兮，来者吾不闻”，“闻赤松之清尘兮，愿承风乎遗则”句意，谓：三皇五帝既往，我不可及也；后世虽有圣者出，我不可待也。不如登太华山而与赤松子游。赤松子是古代传说中的仙人，与仙人同游而有出世之想，语出《史记·留侯世家》：“愿弃人间事，从赤松子游。”末二句隐括《渔父》句意，表明要摆脱“怀汤火”、“履薄冰”（第三十三首《咏怀·一日复一夕》）的险恶处境，籍以自保和解脱，只有跟从赤松子，追随渔父，即或仙或隐，远离尘世之纷扰，庶几可以避患远祸，得逍遥之乐。——然而这不过是一时的幻想。仙则无据，隐亦不容，所以终究还是要跌回前面所描写的阴暗世界。
阮籍生当魏晋易代之际，统治集团内部的矛盾斗争日趋残酷激烈。司马氏为篡魏自代，大肆杀戮异己，朝野人人侧目，亦人人自危，诗人也屡遭迫害。既要避祸全身，又要发泄内心的忧患与愤懑，因此，只能以曲折隐晦的方式，以冷淡的语言表达炽热的感情；以荒诞的口吻表现严肃的主题。这首诗即运用神话、典故、比兴和双重寓意的写法，致使其诗意晦涩遥深，雉以索解。钟嵘《诗品》说阮籍《咏怀诗》“厥志渊放，归趣难求”。可谓诗界知己。
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陈师道《
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绝句·书当快意读易尽》
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晏几道《
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临江仙·身外闲愁空满》
阮籍简介
唐代·阮籍的简介
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阮籍(210～263)，三国魏诗人。字嗣宗。陈留（今属河南）尉氏人。竹林七贤之一，是建安七子之一阮瑀的儿子。曾任步兵校尉，世称阮步兵。崇奉老庄之学，政治上则采谨慎避祸的态度。阮籍是“正始之音”的代表，著有《咏怀》、《大人先生传》等。
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宋代：
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广文富才名，官冷饭不足。少陵老风骚，橡栗拾山谷。
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乱馀江海一儒生，如雪肝肠不世情。贫贱只今无鲍叔，死生终古有程婴。
一身为友唯徇谊，万里离家岂近名。月夕风晨知己在，升沉谁复问前程。