浣溪沙·霜日明霄水蘸空
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宋代]：张孝祥
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霜日明霄水蘸空。鸣鞘声里绣旗红。淡烟衰草有无中。
万里中原烽火北，一尊浊酒戍楼东。酒阑挥泪向悲风。
浣溪沙·霜日明霄水蘸空译文及注释
译文
秋日天空明净，远水蘸着长空，军营里红旗飘扬，不时传来马鞭声阵阵。远处淡烟笼着衰草，秋色在若有若无之中。
万里中原已在烽火的北面，只能在东门的城楼上借一杯浊酒浇愁。酒后挥泪洒向悲凉的秋风中。
注释
题解：此词原无题，乾道本题作“荆州约马奉先登城楼观塞”。据乾道本《于湖先生长短句》，此词调名下另有小题“荆州约马举先登城楼观塞”。“观塞”即观望边塞。这时荆州北面的襄樊尚是宋地，这里“塞”应是指荆州郊外的防御工事。
霜日：指秋天。一说秋天的太阳。明霄：明净的天空；晴朗的天空。蘸（zhàn）：沾染，沾取液体。水蘸空：指远方的湖水和天空相接。
鞘（shāo）：装刀剑的套子，一说鞭鞘，这里指马鞭。鸣鞘声：刀剑出鞘声。一说指行军时用力挥动马鞭发出的声音。绣旗：绣有图案的军旗。
有无中：若有若无。
烽火北：当时荆州已成南宋边界，谓被金人占领的中原已在火线的北面。
尊：同“樽”，酒杯。酒器。戍楼：有军队驻防的城楼。
酒阑：饮酒将尽。悲风：指凄厉的秋风。
参考资料：
1、肖笃宋选编,唐宋词三百首 （少年版）,湖南少年儿童出版社,2006年05月第1版,第235页
浣溪沙·霜日明霄水蘸空创作背景
宋孝宗乾道四年（1168）的秋天，张孝祥出任荆南湖北路安抚使，八月开始驻在荆州。《宣城张氏信谱传》称：“荆州当虏骑之冲，自建炎以来，岁无宁日。公（孝祥）内修外攘，百废俱兴，虽羽檄旁午，民得休息。”据词原题及“霜日明霄”等语，推定这首词应当是乾道四年冬作于荆州。
浣溪沙·霜日明霄水蘸空鉴赏
据乾道本《于湖先生长短句》，此词调名下另有小题“荆州约马举先登城楼观塞”，此词当为作者任知荆南府兼荆湖北路安抚使时的作品。“观塞”即观望边塞。这时荆州北面的襄樊尚是宋地，这里“塞”应是指荆州郊外的防御工事。
这首词抒写了因观塞而激起的对中原沧陷的悲痛之情，上阕写观塞，下阕抒悲感。首句写要塞郊野的自然景象，并点明时节。“霜日明霄”绘出晴空万里的秋日景象，降霜天气必是白色晴明的。“水蘸空”即水和天空相接。荆州城东有长湖，“蘸空”之水或此湖水。这句写得水天空阔，下下辉映，是荆州郊野平原地带的实景。次句切合观塞，耳目所触，一片军戎气氛。“鞘为鞭梢”。“绣旗”为绣有物状的军旗。响亮的鞭声，耀眼的红旗，俱是从耳目易感的对东西突出，故给人的印象极为深切。“澹烟”句把视线展开，显出边地莽莽无垠的辽阔景象。如果说首句还是自然景象对作者感官的客观反映，这句可说是词人极目观望的深心感受，眼前景色，内心思绪，俱是一片茫茫。正如王维诗“山色有无中”，虽景象近似，而象外之意至为深远。东坡曾称柳永的“霜风凄紧，关河冷落，残照当楼”，谓“不减唐人高处”，对这句也可如此看待。
由观塞而自然地想到沦陷的中原，“万里”句即是观塞时引起的感慨。“烽火”为边地报警的设施，而中原一切自不待言，亦不忍言，只这样提点一下，可抵千言万语，这其间含有无限难以诉说的悲惨酸辛。“一尊”句承上启下，北望中原，无限感慨，欲藉酒消遣，而酒罢益悲，真是“举杯消愁愁更愁”，于是不禁向风挥泪。“浊酒”为颜色浑浊的酒，常用于表现艰苦的生活中，微带有粗犷悲壮之意。范仲淹《渔家傲》云：“浊酒一杯家万里”。“戍楼东”，指作者所登荆州东门城楼东“字似非无意，实指南宋都城所在的方位。”挥泪“即洒泪，表现内心悲戚之深。秋风吹来，令人不寒而栗，感念中原未复，人民陷于水火之中，而朝廷只求苟安，不图恢复，故觉风亦满含悲意。
此词上阕描写望中要塞景色，明丽壮阔，其中景物也隐约隐呈作者的感情色彩，眼前一片清丽，而人的心情却深藏阴黯。下阕抒发感慨，从人的活动中表现。在读者眼前俨然呈现一位北望中原悲愤填膺的志士形象。整首词色彩鲜丽，而意绪悲凉，词气雄健，而蕴蓄深厚，是一首具有强烈爱国感情的小词，与其《六州歌头》同为南宋前期的爱国词名作。
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秦观《
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张孝祥（1132年－1169年），字安国，号于湖居士，汉族，简州（今属四川）人，生于明州鄞县。宋朝词人。著有《于湖集》40卷、《于湖词》1卷。其才思敏捷，词豪放爽朗，风格与苏轼相近，孝祥“尝慕东坡，每作为诗文，必问门人曰：‘比东坡如何？’”
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