扬州慢·淮左名都
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宋代]：姜夔
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淳熙丙申至日，予过维扬。夜雪初霁，荠麦弥望。入其城，则四顾萧条，寒水自碧，暮色渐起，戍角悲吟。予怀怆然，感慨今昔，因自度此曲。千岩老人以为有“黍离”之悲也。
淮左名都，竹西佳处，解鞍少驻初程。过春风十里。尽荠麦青青。自胡马窥江去后，废池乔木，犹厌言兵。渐黄昏，清角吹寒。都在空城。
杜郎俊赏，算而今、重到须惊。纵豆蔻词工，青楼梦好，难赋深情。二十四桥仍在，波心荡、冷月无声。念桥边红药，年年知为谁生。
扬州慢·淮左名都译文及注释
译文
淳熙年丙申月冬至这天，我经过扬州。夜雪初晴，放眼望去，全是荠草和麦子。进入扬州，一片萧条，河水碧绿凄冷，天色渐晚，城中响起凄凉的号角。我内心悲凉，感慨于扬州城今昔的变化，于是自创了这支曲子。千岩老人认为这首词有《黍离》的悲凉意蕴。
扬州自古是淮南东路的名城，这里有著名游览胜地竹西亭，初到扬州我解鞍下马作停留。当年那春风十里繁华街道，如今却是荞麦青青孤单可怜。自从金兵侵犯长江流域以后，连荒废的池苑和古老的大树，都厌恶再提起那场可恶的战争。临近黄昏凄清的号角已吹响，回荡在这座凄凉残破的空城。
杜牧曾以优美的诗句把你赞赏，今若重来定会为你残破而惊。纵使有豆蔻芳华的精工词采，纵有歌咏青楼一梦绝妙才能，也难抒写此刻深沉悲怆感情。二十四桥依然完好毫无损伤，桥下波心荡漾一弯冷月寂寞。想那桥边红芍年年花叶繁荣，不知年年有谁欣赏为谁而生？
注释
扬州慢：词牌名，又名《郎州慢》，上下阕，九十八字，平韵。此调为姜夔自度曲，后人多用以抒发怀古之思。
淳熙丙申：淳熙三年（1176）。至日：冬至。
维扬：即扬州（今属江苏）。
荠麦：荠菜和野生的麦。弥望：满眼。
戍角：军营中发出的号角声。
千岩老人：南宋诗人萧德藻，字东夫，自号千岩老人。姜夔曾跟他学诗，又是他的侄女婿。黍离：《诗经·王风》篇名。据说周平王东迁后，周大夫经过西周故都，看见宗庙毁坏，尽为禾黍，彷徨不忍离去，就做了此诗。后以“黍离”表示故国之思。
淮左名都：指扬州。宋朝的行政区设有淮南东路和淮南西路，扬州是淮南东路的首府，故称淮左名都。左，古人方位名，面朝南时，东为左，西为右。名都，著名的都会。
解（xiè）鞍少驻初程：少驻，稍作停留；初程，初段行程。
春风十里：杜牧《赠别》诗：“春风十里扬州路，卷上珠帘总不如。”这里用以借指扬州。
胡马窥江：指金兵侵略长江流域地区，洗劫扬州。这里应指第二次洗劫扬州。
废池乔木：废毁的池台。乔木：残存的古树。二者都是乱后余物，表明城中荒芜，人烟萧条。
渐：向，到。清角：凄清的号角声。
杜郎：即杜牧。唐文宗大和七年到九年，杜牧在扬州任淮南节度使掌书记。俊赏：俊逸清赏。钟嵘《诗品序》：“近彭城刘士章，俊赏才士。”
豆蔻：形容少女美艳。豆蔻词工：杜牧《赠别》：“娉娉袅袅十三余，豆蔻梢头二月初。”
青楼：妓院。青楼梦好：杜牧《遣怀》诗：“十年一觉扬州梦，赢得青楼薄幸名。”
二十四桥：扬州城内古桥，即吴家砖桥，也叫红药桥。
红药：红芍药花，是扬州繁华时期的名花。
参考资料：
1、陆 林．白话解说·宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992：220-221
扬州慢·淮左名都创作背景
此词作于宋孝宗淳熙三年（1176），时作者二十余岁。宋高宗绍兴三十一年（1161），金主完颜亮南侵，江淮军败，中外震骇。完颜亮不久在瓜州为其臣下所杀。根据此前小序所说，淳熙三年，姜夔因路过扬州，目睹了战争洗劫后扬州的萧条景象，抚今追昔，有感而发。
参考资料：
1、刘文忠 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金卷）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：1748-1749
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吴潜《
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江城子·示表侄刘国华》
姜夔简介
唐代·姜夔的简介
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姜夔，南宋文学家、音乐家。人品秀拔，体态清莹，气貌若不胜衣，望之若神仙中人。往来鄂、赣、皖、苏、浙间，与诗人词家杨万里、范成大、辛弃疾等交游。庆元中，曾上书乞正太常雅乐，他少年孤贫，屡试不第，终生未仕，一生转徙江湖，靠卖字和朋友接济为生。他多才多艺，精通音律，能自度曲，其词格律严密。其作品素以空灵含蓄著称，有《白石道人歌曲》等。姜夔对诗词、散文、书法、音乐，无不精善，是继苏轼之后又一难得的艺术全才。
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韩淲
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君在南湖住，我同东郭游。陈蕃无下榻，王粲有登楼。
吟苦诗陶写，酣沉酒拍浮。德辉天外凤，机静水边鸥。