醉落魄·正月二十日张园赏海棠作
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宋代]：管鉴
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春阴漠漠。海棠花底东风恶。人情不似春情薄。守定花枝，不放花零落。
绿尊细细供春酌。酒醒无奈愁如昨。殷勤待与东风约。莫苦吹花，何似吹愁却。
醉落魄·正月二十日张园赏海棠作鉴赏
“春阴漠漠，海棠花底东风恶。”“漠漠”，是寂静无声之意；“恶”，在这里是“猛烈”之意，是由“狠、厉害”的意思引申而来，此义至今在某些地区的方言中还保留着（如鲁西南和豫东）。首二句说，春天的时光万籁俱寂，但从海棠花穿过的东风却吹得强劲猛烈。标题中说“赏海棠作”，却不写海棠花的艳丽，而突出了“东风恶”。写春风、春光一般是喜悦、温暖、吹拂、和煦，纵使风大天寒，也不过用“料峭”之类的词来形容。词人别出心裁，一方面是“写实”，另一方面，也只有这样写，才与下文协调。
“人情不似春情薄”一句，紧承“东风恶”，意思是说，人对花是有情的，春天、春风对花是薄情的，因此“东风”对花猛吹乃至摧残。正因为人有情春薄情，所以“人”或者就是作者自己，才“守定花枝，不放花零落”。上片不写海棠花如何美丽娇艳，侧重写人对花的态度，对海棠的爱怜和保护，反衬海棠花的艳丽，是脱俗之笔。
过片之后，写以酒浇愁，虽然忧愁无法排解，但酒醉酒醒不忘海棠花，进一步说明了它在词人心目中的地位，使全词主旨更为鲜明。
“绿尊细细供春酌，酒醒无奈愁如昨。”词人没有说是因为什么发愁，酒只能暂时麻醉神经，却不能从根本上排解忧愁，酒醒后“愁如昨”也就是很自然的事情了。古来写“酒”与“愁”的诗词很多，如柳永有“拟把疏狂图一醉，对酒当歌，强饮还无味”（《凤栖梧》），又有“黯然情绪，未饮先如醉，愁无际”（《诉衷情近》）。意境与该词相近，这说明管鉴在某些方面受过他以前的一些词人的影响。
但“殷勤”以下三句，则属作者创新。“殷勤待与东风约”一句，与上片“海棠”句相呼应，他要与那吹得迅猛异常的“东风”“约定”，“规劝”它：“莫苦吹花，何以吹愁却？”前句说，你不要苦苦地去吹那海棠花了；后句说，你用什么办法把我的“愁”吹跑呢？这里的写法颇为微妙，一是把“东风”人格化了，一是把作者的感情完全融合在客观事物中。把内心活动包含于客观景物之中，在我国古典诗词中历来有之，所谓“神与诗者妙合无垠”（《夕堂永日绪论》），自然和谐而恰到好处，这首词便是一个很好的例证。
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蔡松年《
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鹧鸪天·赏荷》
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刘铉《
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乌夜啼·石榴》
管鉴简介
唐代·管鉴的简介
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管鉴字明仲，龙泉（今属浙江）人，徙临川（今江西抚州）。乾道九年（1173），范成大制置四川后东归，道经峡州，时管鉴为峡州守，见范成大 《吴船录》 。淳熙十三年（1186）任广东提刑，改转运判官，官至权知广州经略安抚使。词题所署干支，最迟者为甲辰生日，盖淳熙十一年（1184）。有 《养拙堂词》 一卷。
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