西施咏
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唐代]：王维
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艳色天下重，西施宁久微。
贱日岂殊众，贵来方悟稀。
邀人傅香粉，不自著罗衣。
当时浣纱伴，莫得同车归。
持谢邻家子，效颦安可希。
西施咏译文及注释
译文
艳丽的姿色向来为天下器重，美丽的西施怎么能久处低微？
原先她是越溪的一个浣纱女，后来却成了吴王宫里的爱妃。
平贱时难道有什么与众不同？显贵了才惊悟她丽质天下稀。
曾有多少宫女为她搽脂敷粉，她从来也不用自己穿著罗衣。
君王宠幸她的姿态更加娇媚，君王怜爱从不计较她的是非。
昔日一起在越溪浣纱的女伴，再不能与她同车去来同车归。
奉告那盲目效颦的邻人东施，光学皱眉而想取宠并非容易！
注释
西施：吴越春秋：越得苎萝山鬻薪之女，曰西施，郑旦，饰以罗谷，教以容步，三年学成而献于吴。
傅香粉：即搽脂敷粉。香：一作“脂”。
浣纱：环宇记：会稽县东有西施浣纱石。水经注：浣纱溪在荆州，为夷陵州西北，秋冬之月，水色净丽。
持谢：奉告。
效颦：庄子：西施病心而颦，其里之丑人见而美之，归亦捧心而效其颦，富人见之，闭门而不出，贫人见之，挈妻子而去之，彼知美颦而不知颦之所以美。按：颦古作膑。
安可希：怎能希望别人的赏识。
参考资料：
1、王向峰 ．古典抒情诗鉴赏 ：春风文艺出版社 ，1984年12月第1版 ：第80页-第82页 ．
2、王尧衢 ．唐诗合解笺注 ：河北大学出版社 ，2000年 ：第31页 ．
西施咏创作背景
《西施咏》作于天宝时期。王维所处的盛唐时代，在繁华的外衣下隐藏着政治危机：奸邪小人把持朝廷大权，纨绔子弟凭着裙带关系飞黄腾达，甚至连一些斗鸡走狗之徒也得到了君王的恩宠，身价倍增，飞扬跋扈；才俊之士却屈居下层，无人赏识。而“读书三十年”的儒生，却“腰下无尺组”，“一生自穷苦”。
参考资料：
1、赵明华 ．唐诗原来可以这样读 ：黑龙江科学技术出版社 ，2011.02 ：第119页-第120页 ．
西施咏鉴赏
诗人所处的盛唐时代，在繁华的外衣下隐藏着政治危机：奸邪小人把持朝廷大权，纨绔子弟凭着裙带关系飞黄腾达，甚至连一些斗鸡走狗之徒也得到了君王的恩宠，身价倍增，飞扬跋扈；才俊之士却屈居下层，无人赏识。而“读书三十年”的儒生，却“腰下无尺组”，“一生自穷苦”。
王维以这首诗来借咏西施，以喻为人。《西施咏》取材于历史人物，借古讽今。诗人借西施“朝贱夕贵”，而浣纱同伴中仅她一人命运发生改变的经历，悲叹世态炎凉，抒发怀才不遇的不平与感慨；借世人只见显贵时的西施之美，表达对势利小人的嘲讽；借“朝为越溪女”的西施“暮作吴宫妃”后的骄纵，讥讽那些由于偶然机遇受到恩宠就趾高气扬、不可一世的人；借效颦的东施，劝告世人不要为了博取别人赏识而故作姿态，弄巧成拙。
诗的开首四句，写西施有艳丽的姿色，终不能久处低微。次六句写西施一旦得到君王宠爱，就身价百倍。末了四句写姿色太差者，想效颦西施是不自量力。语虽浅显，寓意深刻。沈德潜在《唐诗别裁集》中说：“写尽炎凉人眼界，不为题缚，乃臻斯诣。”这种评价是很中肯的。
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岑参《
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与高适薛据同登慈恩寺浮图》
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杜甫《
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丹青引赠曹将军霸》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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宋代：
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冯时行
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岁晚扁丹雪霰边，萧疏与君俱可怜。
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明代：
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孝子别成均，南归楚水滨。檐头缃帙旧，庭下綵衣新。
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