过香积寺
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唐代]:王维
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古木无人径,深山何处钟。
泉声咽危石,日色冷青松。
薄暮空潭曲,安禅制毒龙。
过香积寺译文及注释
译文
不知道香积寺在什么地方,攀登好几里误入云拥群峰。
古木参天却没有人行路径,深山里何处传来古寺鸣钟。
山中泉水撞危石响声幽咽,松林里日光照射也显寒冷。
黄昏时来到空潭隐蔽之地,安然地修禅抑制心中毒龙。
注释
过:过访,探望。香积寺:唐代著名寺院,有争议,一说香积寺在长安县(今陕西省西安市)南神禾原上。”故址已废。一说在河南汝州,今风穴寺,唐时称香积寺。
入云峰:登上入云的高峰。
钟:寺庙的钟鸣声。
咽:呜咽。危:高的,陡的。“危石”意为高耸的崖石。
冷青松:为青松所冷。
薄暮:黄昏。曲:水边。“安禅”即安静地打坐,在这里指佛家思想。
安禅:为佛家术语,指身心安然进入清寂宁静的境界,在这里指佛家思想。毒龙:佛家比喻俗人的邪念妄想。见《涅槃经》:“但我住处有一毒龙,想性暴急,恐相危害。”
参考资料:
1、于海娣 等.唐诗鉴赏大全集.北京:中国华侨出版社,2010:88
2、邓安生 等.王维诗选译.成都:巴蜀书社,1990:109-110
3、蘅塘退士 等.唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首.北京:华文出版社,2009:115
过香积寺鉴赏
诗题“过香积寺”的“过”,意谓“访问”、“探望”。既是去访香积寺,却又从“不知”说起;“不知”而又要去访,表现出诗人的洒脱不羁。因为“不知”,诗人便步入茫茫山林中去寻找,行不数里就进入白云缭绕的山峰之下。此句正面写人入云峰,实际映衬香积寺之深藏幽邃。还未到寺,已是如此云封雾罩,香积寺之幽远可想而知矣。
接着四句,是写诗人在深山密林中的目见和耳闻。先看三四两句。古树参天的丛林中,杳无人迹;忽然又飘来一阵隐隐的钟声,在深山空谷中回响,使得本来就很寂静的山林又蒙上了一层迷惘、神秘的情调,显得越发安谧。“何处”二字,看似寻常,实则绝妙:由于山深林密,使人不觉钟声从何而来,只有“嗡嗡”的声音在四周缭绕;这与上句的“无人”相应,又暗承首句的“不知”。有小径而无人行,听钟鸣而不知何处,再衬以周遭参天的古树和层峦叠嶂的群山。这是十分荒僻而又幽静的境界。
五六两句,仍然意在表现环境的幽冷,而手法和上二句不同,写声写色,逼真如画,堪称名句。诗人以倒装句,突出了入耳的泉声和触目的日色。“咽”字在这里下得极为准确、生动:山中危石耸立,流泉自然不能轻快地流淌,只能在嶙峋的岩石间艰难地穿行,仿佛痛苦地发出幽咽之声。诗人用“冷”来形容“日色”,粗看极谬,然而仔细玩味,这个“冷”字实在太妙了。夕阳西下,昏黄的余晖涂抹在一片幽深的松林上,这情状,不能不“冷”。诗人涉荒穿幽,直到天快黑时才到香积寺,看到了寺前的水潭。“空潭”之“空”不能简单地理解为“什么也没有”。王维诗中常用“空”字,如“空山不见人”、“空山新雨后”、“夜静春山空”之类,都含有宁静的意思。暮色降临,面对空阔幽静的水潭,看着澄清透彻的潭水,再联系到寺内修行学佛的僧人,诗人不禁想起佛教的故事:在西方的一个水潭中,曾有一毒龙藏身,累累害人。佛门高僧以无边的佛法制服了毒龙,使其离潭他去,永不伤人。佛法可以制毒龙,亦可以克制世人心中的欲念啊。“安禅”为佛家术语,即安静地打坐,在这里指佛家思想。“毒龙”用以比喻世俗人的欲望。
王维晚年诗笔常带有一种恬淡宁静的气氛。这首诗,就是以他沉湎于佛学的恬静心境,描绘出山林古寺的幽邃环境,从而造成一种清高幽僻的意境。王国维谓“不知一切景语,皆情语也”。这首诗的前六句纯乎写景,然无一处不透露诗人的心情,可以说,王维是把“晚年惟好静”的情趣融化到所描写的景物中去的了。因此最后“安禅制毒龙”,便是诗人心迹的自然流露。
诗采用由远到近、由景入情的写法,从“入云峰”到“空潭曲”逐步接近香积寺,最后则吐露“安禅制毒龙”的情思。这中间过渡毫无痕迹,浑然天成。诗人描绘幽静的山林景色,并不一味地从寂静无声上用力,反而着意写了隐隐的钟声和呜咽的泉声,这钟声和泉声非但没有冲淡整个环境的平静,反而增添了深山丛林的僻静之感。这就是通常所讲的“鸟鸣山更幽”的境界。
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上一首:
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王维《
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老将行》
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下一首:
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张祜《
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集灵台·其二》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维(701年-761年,一说699年—761年),字摩诘,汉族,河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝诗人,有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其:“味摩诘之诗,诗中有画;观摩诘之画,画中有诗。”开元九年(721年)中进士,任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表,今存诗400余首,重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学,受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》,是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名,非常多才多艺,音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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佚名
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望秋高梨岭,星下莆阳,庆生贤哲。问瑞蓂留两荚。小试宏才,暂劳雕邑,布阳春仁泽。庭有驯禽,村无吠犬,稻黄连陌。最是邦人,合掌顶戴,萱草年华,蟠桃春色。却笑仙翁,觅丹砂金诀。德满人间,诏来天上,看寿名俱得。岁岁霞觞,凤凰池畔,贺生辰节。