宰予昼寝
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两汉]：佚名
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宰予昼寝，子曰：“朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也！于予与何诛？”子曰：“始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。于予与改是。”——《论语·公冶长第五》
宰予昼寝译文及注释
译文
宰予大白天睡觉，孔子说：“腐烂的木头不可以雕刻。用脏土垒砌的墙面不堪涂抹！对于宰予这样的人，还有什么好责备的呢？”又说： “起初我对于人，听了他说的话就相信他的行为；现在我对于人， 听了他说的话却还要观察他的行为。这是由于宰予的事而改变。”
注释
圬（Wū）：指泥工抹墙的工具，也作动词用，指把墙面抹平。
与：语气词，同“欤”，下文“于予与改是”中的“与”同义。
诛：责备。
粪土：腐土、脏土。
是：这（指对人的态度）。
寝：睡觉。
宰予昼寝鉴赏
学生宰予大白天睡觉，孔子除了斥责他“朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也”之外，还发出了关于认识一个人的感慨。读遍《论语》，这大概是温文尔雅的孔圣人最动肝火的一次震怒了？那语气有点类似今天的老子骂儿子：“你这个不争气的东西，老子不说也罢！”
推想起来，宰予这块“朽木”恐怕不光是大白天睡觉，比如说睡个午觉的问题，很有可能还是在老师的课堂上打瞌睡（梦见周公？）哩。不然的话，以我们今天的生活习惯来看，睡个午觉算什么罪过呢？犯得着孔老先生这么大动肝火吗？
问题在于，子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。”用我们的话来说，就是“一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。”因此，孔老先生是万万不会苟同我们关于午睡的观点的。
如此说来，他的震怒也就不难理解了。
至于说到“听其言而观其行”，倒正如儒学大师朱熹在《论语集注》卷三里引胡氏的话所提醒我们的那样：“圣人怎么会现在才知道听其言而观其行呢？也不是真因为宰予就对所有人都抱不信任态度了。不过是以宰予的事情为例教育大家，要求我们多做少说，言行一致罢了。”而之所以需要如此，是因为在这个世界上的确有那么些人说起比唱起还好听。这段文字说的正是"言"与"行"的关系。
《论语疏证》中引用《韩非子·显学篇》曰：澹台子羽，君子之容也，仲尼几而取之，与处久而行之不称其貌。宰予之辞雅而文也，仲尼几而取之，与处而智不充其辩。故孔子曰：“以容取人乎？失之子羽；以言取人乎？失之宰予。”
所以，我们不仅要听他怎样说，而且还要擦亮眼睛观察他怎样做啊！
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白居易《
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佚名简介
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