放言五首·其二
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唐代]：白居易
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世途倚伏都无定，尘网牵缠卒未休。
祸福回还车轮毂，荣枯反覆手藏钩。
不信请看弈棋者，输赢须待局终头。
放言五首·其二译文及注释
译文
世上的事依托隐藏不定，尘世的事拉开缠绕没有停止过。
祸福轮回像车论一样，荣光枯萎反来覆去像手持钩。
龟灵占卜要将龟开膛破肚，马失前蹄不必忧虑。
如不信时请看下棋的人，输赢还得等到局终才分晓。
注释
“世途”句：祸是福的依托之所，福又是祸隐藏之地，祸、福在一定条件下是可以互相转化的。
倚伏：即《老子》所说“祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏”，简言“倚伏”。
尘网：犹尘世，即人世。古人把现实世界看做束缚人的罗网，故言。陶渊明《归田园居》诗：“误落尘网中，一去三十年”。
卒：始终。
回还：同回环，谓循环往复。
车转毂（gǔ）：像车轮转动一样。毂：本指车轮中心部分，此指车轮。
荣枯：本谓草木盛衰，常以比政治上的得志与失意。
龟灵：古人认为龟通灵性，故常用龟甲占卜以决吉凶。
灵：动词，通灵。
刳肠患：言龟虽通灵性，也难免自己要被人杀掉的祸患。
放言五首·其二鉴赏
公元810年（元和五年），白居易的好友元稹因得罪了权贵，被贬为江陵士曹参军。元稹在江陵期间，写了五首《放言》诗来表示他的心情：“死是老闲生也得，拟将何事奈吾何。”“两回左降须知命，数度登朝何处荣”。过了五年，白居易被贬为江州司马。这时元稹已转任通州司马，闻讯后写下了充满深情的诗篇《闻乐天授江州司马》。白居易在贬官途中，风吹浪激，感慨万千，也写下五首《放言》诗来奉和。此诗为第二首，诗主要讲祸福得失的转化。
这首诗包含了矛盾转化的朴素辩证观点。应该指出的是，矛盾的互相转化是有一定条件的，没有一定条件，是不可能发生或实现转化的。诗中所讲的《塞翁失马》的故事就是这样。塞翁的马失而复还，而且还带回一匹好马，这是福；但是后来，其子骑马又摔坏了腿，福于是变成了祸。其中，这个儿子去骑马，或是由于事先没有做好安全措施，或是由于他的骑术不高明，摔下马来，这就是其福转化为祸的条件。而“马失应无折足忧”的说法，只讲转化，忽略了转化的条件，带有一定的片面性，是不足取的。当然，这是诗句，不可能讲得那样细致，后人是不能苛求于古人的。
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上一首：
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杜甫《
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偶题》
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下一首：
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冯道《
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天道》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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花压墙头柳映门，红城一曲沈家园。
意行自与春风约，休问新亭卖酒喧。
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明代：
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陆深
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长江无六月，此语为谁传。筠簟纱厨里，何人不可怜。
我家本在三江上，竹树成行更森爽。画阁含风蘸水开，仙槎到海随潮长。
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清代：
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牛焘
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君不见，东坡调水传佳话，全凭清浊分流派。甘美香冽天一生，沁人诗骨清人肺。
又不见，黄河之水天上来，石水斗泥资灌溉。有时汲之供烹啜，不闻饮者比沆瀣。
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寄匡山人
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元代：
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陈基
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早春相见又经秋，秋水迢迢阻泛舟。
每见玉山问消息，荔浆何日寄江楼？
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同郭师圣司空仲容探韵得江字
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宋代：
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冯时行
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孤月流高天，分影遍千江。
我来无人境，亦复窥幽窗。
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行乐
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：
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沈明臣
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行乐湖南树，清阴为飒然。
微风荷叶上，乳燕杖藜前。