疏影·咏荷叶
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宋代]：张炎
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碧圆自洁。向浅洲远渚，亭亭清绝。犹有遗簪，不展秋心，能卷几多炎热。鸳鸯密语同倾盖，且莫与、浣纱人说。恐怨歌、忽断花风，碎却翠云千叠。
回首当年汉舞，怕飞去、谩皱留仙裙折。恋恋青衫，犹染枯香，还叹鬓丝飘雪。盘心清露如铅水，又一夜、西风吹折。喜静看、匹练秋光，倒泻半湖明月。
疏影·咏荷叶译文及注释
译文
碧绿的圆荷天生净洁，向着清浅的沙洲，遥远的水边，它亭亭摇曳，清姿妙绝。还有水面刚刚冒出的卷得纤细的荷叶像美人坠落的玉簪，抱着一片素洁的心田，能将多少炎热卷掩？两片伞盖状的荷叶像成双鸳鸯一见如故亲密私语，且不要，向浣纱的美女说起。只恐怕花风忽然吹断哀怨的歌吟，将荷丛搅碎像千叠翠云。
回首当年汉宫里起舞翩翩，天子怕大风吹走舞袖飘扬的赵飞燕，叫人胡乱扯皱了舞裙，自此带皱折的“留仙裙”就在后世流传。叫我恋恋不舍的青衫，还沾染着枯荷的余香，还叹息着鬓丝如白雪飘散。绿盘心中盈聚着清晶露珠，像金铜仙人的清泪点点，又是一夜西风将它吹断。我喜欢观看，明月洒下澄净的飞光，如白色的匹练，倒泻入半个湖面。
注释
碧圆：指荷叶。
遗簪：指刚出水面尚未展开的嫩荷叶。未展叶之荷叶芽尖，似绿簪。
倾盖：二车相邻，车盖相交接，表示一见如故。
怨歌：喻秋声。
花风：花信风，应花期而来的风。
汉舞：指汉赵飞燕掌中起舞。
翠云千叠：指荷叶堆叠如云的样子。
留仙初褶（zhě）：此指荷叶多皱褶，灯多褶裙。《赵后外传》：“后歌归风送远之曲，帝以文犀箸击玉瓯。酒酣风起，后扬袖曰：‘仙乎仙乎，去故而就新。’帝令左右持其裙，久之，风止，裙为之皱。后曰：‘帝恩我，使我仙去不得。’他日宫姝或襞裙为皱，号‘留仙裙’。”
盘心清露如铅水：喻荷叶带水。
疏影·咏荷叶创作背景
这首词约作于南宋覆灭，作者隐居浙江之时。
参考资料：
1、沈家庄．宋词三百首：漓江出版社，456：410-411
疏影·咏荷叶鉴赏
这是一首咏物词，上阕写荷叶神态，下阕叹自己已发如雪白，不同心生怅惘，但又幸有如荷叶的心灵，能够欣赏流泻如练的月光。结尾三句写荷池整体画面，相融相汇，空明宏丽。
本篇为咏荷抒怀之作。全词咏物而不滞于物，字面上处处写荷叶，但又时时能感受到作者对人生的感叹。全词色彩鲜明，清丽流畅，洋溢着积极乐观的情绪。通过咏叹荷叶的高洁自持，取其出淤泥而不染的品性，隐寓着词人洁身自好的情志。上片妙笔描绘荷叶之芳姿，富有情趣。重点写荷叶之形，开头三句写开放的荷亭亭玉立向远处铺展的情景。“犹有遗簪”三句写刚出水面之嫩叶卷曲未伸展的情景，上下兼顾。“鸳鸯密语”以下写荷叶给自然界带来的欢欣及对荷叶的怜惜之情。下片作者赋予荷叶以深刻内涵，其思之珍贵在于用暗寓回首往昔盛事，表现对故国繁华的眷恋之情。“恋恋青衫”五句抒年岁已老而一事无成之慨叹。末几句见荷叶被秋风所折却依旧生活在清净圣洁的环境之中的情形，暗寓自己高洁自守，表白终老林泉的心迹。全篇写景如绘，物我交融，情蕴深永。
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刘光祖《
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洞仙歌·荷花》
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白居易《
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京兆府栽莲》
张炎简介
唐代·张炎的简介
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张炎（1248年－1320年），字叔夏，号玉田，晚年号乐笑翁。祖籍陕西凤翔。六世祖张俊，宋朝著名将领。父张枢，“西湖吟社”重要成员，妙解音律，与著名词人周密相交。张炎是勋贵之后，前半生居于临安，生活优裕，而宋亡以后则家道中落，晚年漂泊落拓。著有《山中白云词》，存词302首。张炎另一重要的贡献在于创作了中国最早的词论专著《词源》，总结整理了宋末雅词一派的主要艺术思想与成就，其中以“清空”，“骚雅”为主要主张。
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