咏新荷应诏
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南北朝]：沈约
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微根才出浪，短干未摇风。
咏新荷应诏鉴赏
荷花是一种多年生水生草本植物，又名莲、芙蕖，古时也称为芙蓉。它那“出污泥而不染”的品性，素来为诗人墨客们所赞颂，用以自喻和他喻。此诗即是其中的一首。
诗的一、二句以议论入题，针对人们因荷花是草卉而轻贱它的心理而发。天池，本谓神话中的瑶池。此诗是“应诏”之作，故这里“天池”应指皇宫内的荷池。两句意谓荷花虽为草卉之物，但其有幸植根天子之池，自与其他山泽中的草卉身份不同，也更易受人们的注目。
三、四句转入咏物本题，细致而微地描绘荷花的初生水面，应题“新荷，二字。荷的根茎最初细瘦如鞭，俗称莲鞭。莲鞭上有节，能向上抽出叶子和花梗。“微根才出浪”，就是说花梗刚刚伸到水面。这里连用“微”字“才”字，已极言其细小，下面“短干未摇风”，则更形象地体现其细小；梗干之短，甚至风亦不能使它摇动，可见它只是刚刚在水面露头而已。这两句直逼出“新荷”的“新”来，观察之细致，用笔之精到，真堪令人叫绝。在这细微之处，诗人的功力得到了充分的体现。
上二句写初出荷茎之至微至小，文势犹如尺蠖之屈，已蓄足了力。于是乎五、六二句，乃一变而由屈转伸，忽出石破天惊之语。那荷茎长不满寸，看上去若有若无。然而谁能知道，那短茎里寓含着的花蕾胚芽，却蕴育着万紫千红的将来。只等夏天一到，它就要把那绚丽的色彩，洒满整个池塘。“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”（杨万里《晓出净慈寺送林子方》），这满眼红绿的壮观景象，正是“新荷”的未来世界。
这首诗，单就咏物而言，也是清新可喜的。再看诗中的“勿言”、“宁知”这些强烈语气，读者就不免会推测：诗人如此用力为新荷抱不平，恐怕不会是无所寄托的吧。据《粱书·沈约传》记载，沈约幼年因父亲被诛，被迫潜窜他地，以后虽然“会赦免”，却“流寓孤贫”。但他“笃志好学、昼夜不倦”，最终“遂博通群籍”，累官至步兵校尉，“管书记，直永寿宫，校四部图书”，堂堂皇皇地进入“天池”，成为当世首届一指的大学者、大手笔。诗人看到新荷初出时的微陋，遥想自己幼小时的辛酸，他不禁深感慨。他不禁充满自信地说：新荷的今天虽然为人们所轻贱，但它在明天，定将是姹紫嫣红的创造者。诗人幸而言中，后来他历仕宋、齐、梁三朝，封侯拜相。他在文学上的“紫”“红”之才，也充分发挥出来了，不仅衣被当世，而且也惠泽后人。
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上一首：
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杜公瞻《
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咏同心芙蓉》
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下一首：
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吴文英《
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醉桃源·芙蓉》
沈约简介
唐代·沈约的简介
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沈约（441~513年），字休文，汉族，吴兴武康（今浙江湖州德清）人，南朝史学家、文学家。出身于门阀士族家庭，历史上有所谓“江东之豪，莫强周、沈”的说法，家族社会地位显赫。祖父沈林子，宋征虏将军。父亲沈璞，宋淮南太守，于元嘉末年被诛。沈约孤贫流离，笃志好学，博通群籍，擅长诗文。历仕宋、齐、梁三朝。在宋仕记室参军、尚书度支郎。著有《晋书》、《宋书》、《齐纪》、《高祖纪》、《迩言》、《谥例》、《宋文章志》，并撰《四声谱》。作品除《宋书》外，多已亡佚。
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