风流子·黄钟商芍药
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宋代]：吴文英
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金谷已空尘。薰风祝攥舞低鸾翅，绛笼蜜炬，绿映龙盆。窈窕绣窗人睡起，临砌脉无言。慵整堕鬟，怨时迟暮，可怜憔悴，啼雨黄昏。
轻桡移花市，秋娘渡、飞浪溅湿行裙。二十四桥南北，罗荐香分。念碎劈芳心，萦思千缕，赠将幽素，偷翦重云。终待凤池归去，催咏红翻。
风流子·黄钟商芍药鉴赏
“风流子”，本唐教坊曲名。《挥尘录》：“周美成为溧水令，主簿之姬有色而慧，每出侑酒，美成为《风流子》以寄意。”双调，一百零九字，上片十二句，五平韵；下片十句，四平韵。
“金谷”两句。“金谷”，即金谷园，为晋石崇所筑，其址在河南洛阳西北，内多植有芍药。此言金谷园中虽然已是找不到芍药的踪迹，但芍药花早已经在民间普及开来了。所以每当初夏南风熏人之时，芍药花就会从春梦中苏醒一一含苞绽放。“国色”，本指牡丹，因为芍药花也与牡丹花相似，故兼称之。“半欹”四句，状花。此言芍药的花色有白有红，品种繁多，在其花盛开之时，简直可以引来凤凰至前展翅而舞，同庆吉祥。因为芍药、牡丹，同为花中之富贵者，而凤凰又是百鸟之王，所以词人联想到花、鸟双至共现的吉利彩头。又言芍药花红色的花瓣内能分泌出芬芳的蜜汁，绿叶扶疏衬映艳花，显得越发精神。它种植在绘有蟠龙图形的花盆里供人观赏，显得富贵而又大方。“窈窕”两句。此言美人儿在闺房中睡醒起来，踱到阶前，面对庭院中盛开的芍药花，也会被它的美丽惊呆而脉脉无言。“慵整”四句。言这位佳人自愧人不如花之娇艳，就索兴懒于梳妆打扮，任由睡后零乱的长发斜披一边，并且引动她进一步自伤：如果青春一旦过去，容颜将会更加憔悴。想着想着，不由得悲从心起，泪珠儿也像暮雨一样纷纷落下。上六句也含有以人拟花之意。上片多方设喻作譬，盛赞芍药花的美。
“轻桡”两句，闲补一笔绘出南宋时的一幅风俗画。“秋娘渡”，为渡口名，蒋捷《一剪梅》词：“秋娘渡与秦娘桥”句可证之。这里泛指所经过的渡口。此言卖花女子用小舟载着芍药花向花市驶去，途经渡口，与渡船相遇，激起来的浪花打湿了卖花女的罗裙。“二十四桥”两句。“二十四桥”，在扬州城中，而扬州在当时以盛产芍药著名于世。宋王观《扬州芍药谱》云：“扬之芍药甲天下。”并且当时的二十四桥周围遍种芍药，所以姜夔《扬州慢》词有：“二十四桥仍在，波心荡、冷月无声。念桥边红药，年年知为谁生？”“红药”，即芍药，可作为明证。“罗”，可释为周围。此是词人从眼前之花想到它的盛产之地。此言词人想起扬州二十四桥的周围，一定仍是遍植芍药，如今也有香气充斥桥的两岸了。“念碎劈”四句。此言他想到眼前盛开的芍药花，它终有凋零散乱之日。在考虑再三之下，他偷偷地剪下美丽的重瓣芍药花，去赠给一位佳人。赠白芍药花用以勉励其如白芍药之玉洁冰心；重瓣者，喻己之相思重重也。“终将”两句。“凤池”，即凤凰池，旧时中书省的所在地。此喻为作官。然词人布衣一生，终无“凤池”之望也。此处是说：遥想今后当我功成名就之时，我就会衣锦荣归留居是地，那末就可以在芍药花旁吟咏自娱，直到花瓣纷落之时才罢休。下片由花及人，词人爱花之心历历可见。
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杜牧《
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紫薇花》
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白居易《
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代迎春花招刘郎中》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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