流莺
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唐代]：李商隐
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流莺漂荡复参差，度陌临流不自持。
巧啭岂能无本意？良辰未必有佳期。
风朝露夜阴晴里，万户千门开闭时。
流莺译文及注释
译文
流莺儿啊，到处飘荡，上下翻飞；越过小路，临近河边，无法自持。
美妙地鸣啭，怎么能没有本意？碰到了良辰，也未必就有佳期。
鸣啭在风朝霞夜阴晴之日，鸣啭在千门万户开闭之时。
我曾经苦于伤春而不忍再听，京城哪里有可以栖息的花枝？
注释
流莺：指漂荡流转、无所栖居的黄莺。
参差：参差，本是形容鸟儿飞翔时翅膀张敛振落的样子，这里用如动词，犹张翅飞翔。
不自持：不能自主，无法控制自己。
啭（zhuàn）：鸟宛转地鸣叫。
佳期：美好的时光。南朝齐谢朓《晚登三山还望京邑》诗：“佳期怅何许，泪下如流霰。”
“风朝”二句：《汉书·郊祀志》：“作建章宫，度为千门万户。”《汉书·东方朔传》：“起建章宫，左凤阙，右神明，号千门万户。”此联写京华莺声，无论风露阴晴、门户开闭，皆漂荡啼啭不已。
不忍：一作“不思”。
凤城：此借指京城长安。冯注引赵次公注杜诗：“弄玉吹箫，凤降其城，因号丹凤城。其后曰京师之盛曰凤城”。花枝：指流莺栖息之所。此句言凤城虽有花枝，而流莺难以借寓，故有伤春之苦吟，而令人不忍卒听。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等 ．全唐诗（下） ．上海 ：上海古籍出版社 ，1986 ：1371 ．
2、陈永正 ．李商隐诗选译 ．成都 ：巴蜀书社 ，1991 ：212-213 ．
流莺创作背景
此写作年份不易确定。张采田《玉溪生年谱会笺》系此诗为唐宣宗大中三年（849年）春长安之作。大中三年（849年）春，作者在长安暂充京兆府掾属，“天官补吏府中趋，玉骨瘦来无一把”（《偶成转韵》），应是他当时生活和心情的写照。
参考资料：
1、百度百科.流莺
流莺鉴赏
张《会笺》系此诗为大中三年（849）春长安之作。此诗乃苦闷之词，写自己仕途穷困，漂泊无定所，怀才不遇知音，心意无人理解。全诗咏物抒情，借流莺自喻，寄托身世之感。清陆昆曾《李义山诗解》云："此作者自伤漂荡，无所归依，特托流莺以发叹耳。渡陌临流，喻己之东川、岭表，身不由己也。"此诗风格轻倩流美，情思深婉。张《会笺》曰："含思宛转，独绝今古。"
这是李商隐托物寓怀、抒写身世之感的诗篇。写作年份不易确定。从诗中写到“漂荡”、“巧啭”和“凤城”来看，可能是“远从桂海，来返玉京”以后所作。宣宗大中三年（849）春，作者在长安暂充京兆府掾属，“天官补吏府中趋，玉骨瘦来无一把”（《偶成转韵》），应是他当时生活和心情的写照。
流莺，指漂荡流转、无所栖居的黄莺。诗的开头两句，正面重笔写“流”字。参差，本是形容鸟儿飞翔时翅膀张敛振落的样子，这里用如动词，犹张翅飞翔。漂荡复参差，是说漂荡流转之后又紧接着再飞翔漂泊。“度陌”、“临流”，则是在不停地漂荡流转中所经所憩，应上句“复”字。流莺这样不停地漂泊、飞翔，究竟是为什么呢？又究竟要漂荡到何时何地呢？诗人对此不作正面交代，只淡淡接上“不自持”三字。这是全联点眼，暗示出流莺根本无法掌握自己的命运，仿佛是被某种无形的力量控制着。用流莺的漂荡比喻诗人自己的辗转幕府的生活，是比较平常的比兴寓托，独有这“不自持”三字，融和着诗人的独特感受。诗人在桂林北返途中就发出过怅然的叹息：
“昔去真无奈，今还岂自知”（《陆发荆南始至商洛》）。“去真无奈”、“还岂自知”，正象是“不自持”的注脚。它把读者的思绪引向“漂荡复参差”的悲剧身世后面的社会原因，从而深化了诗的意境。
漂荡流转，毕竟是流莺的外在行动特点，接下来三、四两句，便进一步通过对流莺另一特点——巧啭的描写，来展示它的内心苦闷。“巧啭岂能无本意，良辰未必有佳期。”流莺那圆转流美的歌吟中分明隐藏着一种殷切的愿望——希望在美好的三春良辰中有美好的相会。然而，它那“巧啭”中所含的“本意”却根本不被理解，因而虽然适逢春日芳辰也不能盼来“佳期”，实现自己的愿望。如果说，流莺的漂泊是诗人飘零身世的象征，那么流莺的巧啭便是诗人美妙歌吟的生动比喻。它的独特之处，就在于强调巧啭中寓有不为人所理解的“本意”，这“本意”可以是诗人的理想抱负，也可以是诗人所抱的某种政治遇合的期望。这一联和《蝉》的颔联颇相似。但“五更疏欲断，一树碧无情”所强调的是虽凄楚欲绝而不被同情，是所处环境的冷酷；而“巧啭”一联所强调的却是巧啭本意的不被理解，是世无知音的感叹。“岂能”、“未必”，一纵一收，一张一弛，将诗人不为人所理解的满腹委屈和良辰不遇的深刻伤感曲曲传出，在流美圆转中有回肠荡气之致。可以说这两句诗本身就是深与婉的统一。
颈联承上“巧啭”，仍写莺啼。“风朝露夜阴晴里，万户千门开闭时。”这是“本意”不被理解、“佳期”不遇的流莺永无休无止的啼鸣：无论是刮风的早晨还是降露的夜晚，是晴明的天气还是阴霾的日子，无论是京城中万户千门开启或关闭的时分，流莺总是时时处处在啼啭歌吟。它仿佛执着地要将“本意”告诉人们，而且在等待着渺茫无尽的佳期。这一联是两个略去主、谓语的状语对句构成的，每句中“风朝”与“露夜”、“阴”与“晴”、“万户”与“千门”、“开”与“闭”又各自成对，读来别有一种既整饬又优美，既明畅又含蓄的风调。
尾联联系到诗人自身，点明“伤春”正意。“凤城”借指长安，“花枝”指流莺栖息之所。两句是说，自己曾为伤春之情所苦，实在不忍再听流莺永无休止的伤春的哀鸣，然而在这广大的长安城内，又哪里能找到可以栖居的花枝呢？初唐诗人李义府《咏乌》云：
“上林多少树，不借一枝栖。”末句从此化出。伤春，就是伤佳期之不遇；佳期越渺茫，伤春的情绪就越浓重。三春芳辰就要在伤春的哀啼中消逝了，流莺不但无计留春，而且连暂时栖息的一枝也无从寻找。这已经是杜鹃啼血般的凄怨欲绝的情境了。诗人借“不忍听”流莺的哀啼强烈地抒发了自己的“伤春”之情——抱负成空、年华虚度的精神苦闷。末句明写流莺，实寓自身，读来既像是诗人对无枝可栖的流莺处境的关心，又像是诗人从流莺哀啼声中听出的寓意，更像是诗人自己的心声，语意措辞之精妙，可谓臻于化境。
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骆宾王《
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咏鹅》
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李商隐《
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巴江柳》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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清代：
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吴敬梓
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烟绡雾縠称丝绝，中含火齐光皎洁。鲸鱼鳞甲动蚖膏，秀华掩映管弦咽。
风流太守解组归，爱客开樽灯月煇。灭烛留髡客不去，不知门外雪霏霏。
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用盐政姚德宽韵
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元代：
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耶律楚材
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乃祖开元柱石臣，云孙髣髴玉麒麟。从来德炙舆人口，此日恩沾圣世春。
欲草荐书学北海，未开东阁愧平津。而今且试调羹手，伫看沙堤继旧尘。
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李夫人歌
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明代：
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王世贞
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人耶仙耶，宛然而来者，畴为汝之权耶。仙耶人耶，翩然而去者，畴为汝之身耶。
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白皦春辞
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明代：
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胡汝嘉
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小窗西畔月轮斜，铜博山前散紫霞。
宴罢不知春夜促，醉凭红袖看梅花。