越中览古
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唐代]：李白
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越王勾践破吴归，义士还乡尽锦衣。
越中览古译文及注释
译文
越王勾践把吴国灭了之后，战士们都衣锦还乡。
如花的宫女站满了宫殿，可惜如今却只有几只鹧鸪在王城故址上飞了。
注释
勾践破吴：春秋时期吴、越两国争霸。公元前494年，越王勾践为吴王夫差所败，此后他卧薪尝胆20年，于公元前473年灭吴。
锦衣：华丽的衣服。《史记·项羽本纪》：“富贵不归故乡，如衣绣夜行，谁知之者？”后来演化成“衣锦还乡”一语。
越中览古创作背景
此诗是诗人游览越中（唐越州，治所在今浙江绍兴）时所写。在春秋时代，吴越两国争霸南方，成为世仇。从公元前510年吴正式兴兵伐越起，吴越经历了携李、夫椒之战，十年生聚、十年教训，以及进攻姑苏的反复较量，终于在公元前473年越灭了吴。此诗写的就是这件事。
参考资料：
1、沈祖棻 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：340-342
越中览古鉴赏
诗歌不是历史小说，绝句又不同于长篇古诗，所以诗人只能选取这一历史事件中他感受得最深的某一部分来写。他选取的不是这场斗争的漫长过程中的某一片断，而是在吴败越胜，越王班师回国以后的两个镜头。首句点明题意，说明所怀古迹的具体内容。二、三两句分写战士还家、勾践还宫的情况。消灭了敌人，雪了耻，战士都凯旋了；由于战事已经结束，大家都受到了赏赐，所以不穿铁甲，而穿锦衣。只“尽锦衣”三字，就将越王及其战士得意归来，充满了胜利者的喜悦和骄傲的神情烘托了出来。越王回国以后，踌躇满志，不但耀武扬威，而且荒淫逸乐起来，于是，花朵儿一般的美人，就站满了宫殿，拥簇着他，侍候着他。“春殿”的“春”字，应上“如花”，并描摹美好的时光和景象，不一定是指春天。只写这一点，就把越王将卧薪尝胆的往事丢得干干净净的情形表现得非常充分了。都城中到处是锦衣战士，宫殿上站满了如花宫女。这种场景十分繁盛、美好、热闹、欢乐，然而结句突然一转，将上面所写的一切一笔勾销。过去曾经存在过的胜利、威武、富贵、荣华，现在所剩下的，只是几只鹧鸪在王城故址上飞来飞去罢了。这一句写人事的变化，盛衰的无常，以慨叹来表达。过去的统治者莫不希望他们的富贵荣华是子孙万世之业，而诗篇却如实地指出了这种希望的破灭，这就是它的积极意义。
诗人将昔时的繁盛和眼前的凄凉，通过具体的景物，作了鲜明的对比，使读者感受特别深切。一般地说，直接描写某种环境，是比较难于突出的，而通过对比，则效果往往能够大大地加强。所以，通过热闹的场面来描写凄凉，就使读者更觉得凄凉的可叹。如此诗前面所写过去的繁华与后面所写后来的冷落，对照极为强烈，前面写得愈着力，后面转得也就愈有力。为了充分地表达主题思想，诗人对这篇诗的艺术结构也作出了不同于一般七绝的安排。一般的七绝，转折点都安排在第三句里，而它的前三句却一气直下，直到第四句才突然转到反面，就显得格外有力量，有神采。这种写法，不是笔力雄健的诗人，是难以挥洒自如的。
这首诗的重点在于明写昔日的繁华，以四分之三的篇幅竭力渲染，而以结句写后来的荒凉，由此加以抹杀，转而引出主旨，充分体现了诗人变化多端的艺术技巧。
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汪遵《
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聊城》
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下一首：
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曹操《
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短歌行》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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