过许州
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清代]：沈德潜
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到处陂塘决决流，垂杨百里罨平畴。
行人便觉须眉绿，一路蝉声过许州。
过许州译文及注释
译文
池塘里流着清水，垂柳罨覆着平野。到处一片翠绿，满眼都是生机。
使人觉得仿佛胡须眉毛都被染绿了，一路蝉声陪伴我走过许州。
注释
许州：今河南许昌。
决决：流水声。陂（bēi）塘：池塘。
罨（yǎn）：覆盖。平畴：平整的田地。
行人：出行人。此处指自己。
过许州创作背景
沈德潜在朝期间，他的诗深受乾隆皇帝的赏识，这一特殊地位使他的诗论和诗作，曾风靡一时，影响颇大。诗人路过许州（北周于颖川郡置许州，即今河南许昌），风光宜人，诗兴勃发，写下《过许州》一首。
过许州鉴赏
过许州时，诗人身处绵延百里的柳荫道中，碧青的池水，翠绿的垂杨，周围一片绿色，他甚至觉得连自己的胡须、眉毛也被这美好的景色染绿了，这使他感到十分赏心悦目。而一路知了的欢快叫声，更增添了他的愉悦之情，使他非常轻松地在不知不觉中过了许州。
这首诗无论是写自然景物，还是写自己的真情实感，都是些类乎村夫野老之语从心底自然流出，没有丝毫雕琢痕迹。但只要静气按节，密咏恬吟，就会涵濡深悟其妙，真可谓是“语淡而味终不薄”。第一句“到处陂塘决决流”，是从听觉角度写池塘美妙的流水声。“决决”，流也，见《广雅释训》，王念孙疏证：“《说文》：‘决，行流也。’重言之则曰‘决决’；‘决决’，水貌也。”韦应物的《县斋诗》有“决决水泉动”之句，范成大的《喜雨诗》有“流渠决决绕幽居”之句。诗人用“决决”一词来攀写潺潺的流水声，不仅穷其声音，而且形神毕现，那种水流的状态，如一群孩童你追我逐，如几十只鸭子争相戏水，哗哗的水声和欢声笑语相互融合，那的确是一幅非常绚丽的图画。而后两句诗动静结合，情景交融，是诗，也是画，足以引人扬首展眉、心旷神怡。末尾一句，表达了诗人轻快的心情，听着蝉声好像忘掉了旅途的劳累。
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上一首：
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王令《
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送春》
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下一首：
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庾信《
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寄王琳》
沈德潜简介
唐代·沈德潜的简介
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沈德潜（1673～1769 ）字确士，号归愚，长洲（今江苏苏州）人，清代诗人。乾隆元年（1736）荐举博学鸿词科，乾隆四年（1739）成进士，曾任内阁学士兼礼部侍郎。为叶燮门人，论诗主格调，提倡温柔敦厚之诗教。其诗多歌功颂德之作，但少数篇章对民间疾苦有所反映。所著有《沈归愚诗文全集》。又选有《古诗源》、《唐诗别裁》、《明诗别裁》、《清诗别裁》等，流传颇广。
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