东门行
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
两汉]：佚名
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
出东门，不顾归。
来入门，怅欲悲。
盎中无斗米储，还视架上无悬衣。
拔剑东门去，舍中儿母牵衣啼：
“他家但愿富贵，贱妾与君共哺糜。
上用仓浪天故，下当用此黄口儿。今非！”
“咄！行！吾去为迟！白发时下难久居。”
东门行译文及注释
译文
刚才出东门的时候，就不想着再回来了。
回到家进门惆怅悲愁。
米罐里没有多少粮食，回过头看衣架上没有衣服。
拔剑出东门，孩子的母亲牵着衣服哭泣说：
“别人家只希望富贵，我情愿和你吃粥。
在上有青天。在下有年幼的孩子。你现在这样做不对！”
丈夫说：“你不要管！我去了！我已走得太晚了！我已见白发脱落了，这种苦日子谁知还能够活几天？”
注释
东门行：乐府古辞，载于《乐府诗集·相和歌辞·瑟调曲》中。东门：主人公所居之处的东城门。
顾：念。不顾归，决然前往，不考虑归来不归来的问题。不归：一作“不愿归”。
来入门：去而复返，回转家门。
怅：惆怅失意。
盎（àng）：大腹小口的陶器。
还视：回头看。架：衣架。
“拔剑”句：主人公看到家中无衣无食，拔剑再去东门。
儿母：孩子的母亲，主人公的妻子。
他家：别人家。
哺糜（bǔmí）：吃粥。
用：为了。仓浪天：即苍天、青天。仓浪，青色。
黄口儿：指幼儿。
⒀今非：现在的这种冒险行为不对头。
⒁咄（duō）：拒绝妻子的劝告而发出的呵叱声。
⒂行：走啦！
⒃吾去为迟：我已经去晚啦！
⒄下：脱落。这句说：我头上常脱落白发，这苦日子难以久挨下去。
参考资料：
1、余冠英．乐府诗选．北京：人民文学出版社，1954（第二版）：31
东门行创作背景
东汉末年，朝政腐败，宦官当权，当时首都的贵人们衣服、车马、装饰、庐舍全都讲究豪华；而农民却丰年不得饱食，饥荒年头甚至发生人吃人的惨剧，许多人沦为奴隶，时有暴动发生。《东门行》里的故事正是在这样的背景之下发生的。
参考资料：
1、吕晴飞 等．汉魏六朝诗歌鉴赏辞典．北京：中国和平出版社，1990：90-91
东门行鉴赏
《东门行》描绘了一幅凄惨又壮丽的画面。主人公走出家门，不想回家，可是妻子儿女又难以割舍。一进屋门，家徒四壁，生活无望，又拔剑出门，妻子生怕出事，一边哭泣一边劝阻，但主人公仍感到无路可走，终于挥衣而去。
诗的前半写主人公要去“为非”的原因，用了六句。前二句写他下了决心走出东门，诗中却说“出东门，不顾归”。“不顾归”，是说原本下了决心，不打算来归，但又不得不归，因为心中毕竟有所顾念。所顾念的自然是妻子儿女。可以想象：主人公在东门外踟蹰、扼腕，过了好一会，终于又脚步沉重地走回家来。然而，家中的景况，对于他来说，不啻当头棒喝，打消他的任何幻想。所以接下的两句说，“来入门，怅欲悲”。现在他清醒地意识到：除了那一条路，别无他路可寻。心中悲酸，都系于一个“怅”字，这并非平常的怅然之叹，而是一种绝望之感。摆在他面前的，是残酷的现实：“盎中无斗米储，还视架上无悬衣。”无衣无食，这比出去干那桩事更可怕。要么冻馁待毙，要么拚作一腔热血，同命运作最后的决斗。如取后者，尚存万一生的希望，顶多牺牲个人，却可能救活可怜的一家老小，若取前者，全家人只有死路一条。这是明摆着的事。这一段，通过主人公复杂心理活动的描叙，把主人公推向矛盾的顶点。诗中入情入理地写出此君之所以走上这样一条可怕的道路，乃是为贫穷所逼。诗的主题建立在这样一个现实基础之上，就不致使人产生伦理上的厌恶之感。这便是此诗的不可动摇的美学价值。
这六句在炼意上颇有独到之处。一个本来安分的人怎样走上那条危险之路，这是一个很复杂的过程。而诗人则紧紧抓住主人公几度徘徊，归而复出这一心理和行为的激烈矛盾，就写出其中的必然性。又如“盎中”以下两句。盎中无米，架上无衣，都是主人公眼见的事，可是，诗人却将“视”字属下句。这样，在表现效果上就大不同。盎中无米，架上无衣，是悲感之所由发，也就是主人公之所以不得不去冒险的根本原因。这是全诗的关键所在。如说“视盎中无斗米储”，就将本句与上句隔断，从而使语势陡然转折，上句的“悲”字就失却那种震撼心灵的力量。像诗中这样将“视”下属且加“还”字，就更加重了上句的意义：吃没吃，穿没穿，还有什么活路呢？因而具有征服读者的不可辩驳的力量。
后半，“拔剑东门去”承上句而来，是主人公由犹豫、反复到下定最后的决心。主人公要出去做事，不一定非要作出一副剑拔弩张的架势。但诗中这样处理，却异常真实地表现出主人公决绝而无反顾。以下妻子牵衣哭劝一段文字，是对主人公这不顾一切的行动的戏剧性烘托。妻子说，别人富贵我不羡慕，我甘愿和你喝稀饭。这是自欺欺人的话。家中灶下连一粒米都没有了。大约她也觉出自己的话没有说服力，就又说：你看在老天爷的分上吧。这话当然也不会生出什么效果。主人公早就不信老天爷了。她又让他为儿女着想，而他正是为了儿女才这样做的啊。妻子想到的是另一层：一旦事败，触犯“王法”，不但救不了一家老小，而且还会将他们投入更深的深渊。这句话对前面主人公的极度矛盾的心理作了注脚；同时前后照应，加深了此诗悲剧的内涵。主人公的行为不免饮鸩止渴，又势在不得不饮。最后妻子无可奈何地说，“今时清，不可为非。”（余冠英认为“今非”中似有脱文，应作“今时清，不可为非”）主人公这样回答他的妻子：“咄！行！我去为迟！”两个单字句，一个四字句，短促有力，声情毕肖地表现了主人公的决难回转，他是就要去拚命了。“咄”在这里是急叱之声，吆喝他的妻子走开，不要拦阻他。他说现在去已经为时太晚，并非指这次行动，而是说先前对自己的可悲处境尚不觉悟，对这世道尚缺少清醒的认识。“白发”一句，可能是汉代的俗语，意思大概如今天说的“谁知还能活几天”。表明主人公把这罪恶的人生看穿了，而不是说人的年龄。
这篇诗歌虽然采取了杂言形式，但是由于用字简练，句子长短相济，读来有顿挫流离之感。
乐府中有两篇《东门行》歌辞，这里用的是本辞。另一篇为晋乐所奏，共四节，较本辞有所增衍。其中最显眼的是“今时清廉，难犯教言”之类的句子。这是站在封建统治者的立场，对黑暗的社会现实加以粉饰。尽管作了这样的改动，基本思想内容还是不能改变，最后只好予以排斥。这篇民歌的遭遇，见诸《古今乐录》所引王僧虔《技录》的记载：“《东门行》歌古‘东门’一篇，今不歌。”
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
杜荀鹤《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
旅泊遇郡中叛乱示同志》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
于鹄《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
古词三首》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
惜奴娇 荷花
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
庄棫
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
红晕脂痕，照出水、新妆靓。幽情共、绿云低映。一曲西洲，谁采取、亭亭影。
人静。对西风、凌波自省。水佩风裳，偏又报、凉秋信。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
渔父
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
元代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
吴镇
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
舴艋为舟力几多。江头云雨半相和。殷勤好，下长波。
半夜潮生不那何。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
和严道培书院韵 其一
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
米芾
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
城头山脚旧图开，华构凌云亦壮哉。谈席昔人文献地，升堂此日豫章材。
弦歌化里清风动，麟凤天南紫气来。独奈岩阿丛桂冷，幽栖不是伟长才。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
游罗浮四首 其四
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
刘存业
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
抱被相随石室中，天鸡初唱海涛红。晦明不定山头日，呼舞无端谷口风。
前辈书题空石藓，野人心思只云松。神仙骨相知谁是，更踏飞云最上峰。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
四圣赞
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
释师体
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
稽首观音，全彰妙有。
鹤唳青霄，莺啼绿柳。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
武功驿留题
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
李新
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/aepewrcg.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
雾捲马蹄尘自起，东风送渡咸阳水。故园花木绿成围，犹向关中见桃李。
闻道春前雪最深，行人僵死薪如金。羲和不肯为日驭，潜入北海分幽阴。