醉落魄·江天云薄
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宋代]：周紫芝
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江天云薄，江头雪似杨花落。寒灯不管人离索。照得人来，真个睡不著。
归期已负梅花约，又还春动空飘泊。晓寒谁看伊梳掠。雪满西楼，人阑干角。
醉落魄·江天云薄鉴赏
词中将离索难眠的人的活动，放江天云薄、风雪迷茫的浑阔背景上来写，以烘托和加强离子的孤寂之感，又使人的活动一片空蒙的广大背景。映衬下，显得更为集中、突出、鲜明。不仅如此，词中正通过暮寒、晓寒的描写，以寒冷的客观环境烘托寒冷的主观心境。全词以写景发端，首两句写暮冬时节江天迷茫，大雪纷飞。薄，迫也；云薄，写出了彤云压江、天低云暗之势。“江头”句巧妙地化用东晋谢道韫咏雪名句“未若柳絮因风起”，形象地刻画出大雪纷纷扬扬的情景。这里的“江天”、“江头”，表明了这是一个飘泊江湖的特定环境；而“云薄”、“雪落”，则又进一步造成了一种凄冷、黯淡的特定的艺术氛围。“寒灯”三句，写游子独宿江边客舍难以入眠的情景。“离索”乃“离群索居”之略语，指离开友朋亲人而独处散居。寒灯本是无生命的物体，本来就不参预人间之事，却说成灯不理会人有离群索居之苦，兀自照得人睡不着。这与一般写灯烛的“照人无寐”有明显的不同。那是人本睡不着，旁边有个灯照见而已。而这里说人之睡不着，是灯照得来的结果，出奇者一；灯之照得人睡不着，要承担“不管人离索”这样一桩“不是”，出奇者二：“睡不著”又要加上“真个”二字以强调之，出奇者三。有奇想方有此奇句，出之以白话口语，益发传神，这种构思和韵味，是“镂玉雕琼”的语言表达不出来的。
下片承前“真个睡不着”句转入心理刻画，道出了游子夜不能寐的原因。“归期”两句写游子并没有忘记跟闺中女子先前所立的盟约——梅花盛开时如期归来。而眼下梅花早已开放，残冬欲尽，春意已动，自己却依旧飘泊外，行止无定，归期杳然。失约的内疚和刻骨的相思交织一起，使得游子更加思念远方的情侣。“晓寒”三句是游子的想象。身卧江边客舍，而心驰远方闺室。想象她仍依梅花旧约，日日企盼游子归来。早上起来即精心梳掠，然后不管飞雪满天，仍自独上西楼，阑干一角相候。“谁看伊梳掠”者，是有梳掠之事，不过旁边无人看着而已。由此又可知，良人远出期间，她定是如《诗经·伯兮》所写的“自伯之东，首如飞蓬。岂无膏沐，谁适为容”。及至梅开雪至，才又梳妆打扮，如期迎候远人归来。
这一想象之笔，更觉闺人情意之深挚热切，又暗暗道出游子愆期之自愧自责之心。一笔映照双方，精力弥满。孙竞称周紫芝的词“清丽婉曲”。此词正体现了这一艺术风格。
该词以浅近平实的语言、曲折深婉的笔调，抒写了游子怀人思归的情怀。词中将离索难眠的人的活动，放在江天云薄、风雪迷茫的浑阔背景上来写，以烘托和加强离子的孤寂之感，又使人的活动置于一片空漾的广大背景映衬下，显得更为集中、突出、鲜明。不仅如此，词中正通过暮寒、晓寒的描写，以寒冷的客观环境烘托清冷的主观心境。
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顾况《
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游子吟》
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纳兰性德《
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太常引·晚来风起撼花铃》
周紫芝简介
唐代·周紫芝的简介
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周紫芝（1082-1155），南宋文学家。字少隐，号竹坡居士，宣城（今安徽宣州市）人。绍兴进士。高宗绍兴十五年，为礼、兵部架阁文字。高宗绍兴十七年（1147）为右迪功郎敕令所删定官。历任枢密院编修官、右司员外郎。绍兴二十一年（1151）出知兴国军（治今湖北阳新），后退隐庐山。交游的人物主要有李之仪、吕好问吕本中父子、葛立方以及秦桧等，曾向秦桧父子献谀诗。约卒于绍兴末年。著有《太仓稊米集》、《竹坡诗话》、《竹坡词》。有子周畴。
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