破瓮救友
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宋代]：司马光
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闻讲《左氏春秋》，爱之，退为家人讲，即了其大旨。自是书不释手，至不知饥渴寒暑。群儿戏于庭，一儿登瓮，足跌没水中，众皆弃去。光持石击瓮破之，水迸，儿得活。
破瓮救友译文及注释
译文
司马光7岁时，已经像成人一样庄重。听人讲《左氏春秋》，特别喜欢，了解其大意后回来以后讲给家人听。从那以后，他对《左氏春秋》喜欢得爱不释手，甚至忘记饥渴和寒暑。司马光和一群小孩子在庭院里面玩，一个小孩站在大缸上面，失足跌落缸中被水淹没，其他的小孩子都跑掉了，只有司马光拿石头砸开了缸，水从而流出，小孩子得以活命。
注释
光生七岁：司马光长到七岁。光，即司马光，字君实，陕州夏县（现在山西）人。北宋大臣，史学家，编撰《资治通鉴》等书。
凛然：严肃庄重的样子。
《左氏春秋》：又称《左传》，相传是春秋时期左丘明编撰的一部史书。
大旨：大意，主要意思。
自：是自此，从此。
释：放下。
瓮(weng)：口小腹大的一种容器。
弃去：逃走。
迸：涌出。
退：回家。
了：了解。
于：在。
闻：听、听到。“闻”在文言文中主要有6种意思①听，听到 如本文中的“闻讲《左氏春秋》”。②听说，知道③报告上级④用鼻子嗅。⑥声望，威望。如《伤仲永》中的“不能称前时之闻。
破：打开，打破。
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曹雪芹《
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司马光简介
唐代·司马光的简介
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司马光（1019年11月17日－1086年），字君实，号迂叟，陕州夏县（今山西夏县）涑水乡人，《宋史》，《辞海》等明确记载，世称涑水先生。生于河南省信阳市光山县。北宋史学家、文学家。历仕仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗四朝，卒赠太师、温国公，谥文正，主持编纂了中国历史上第一部编年体通史《资治通鉴》，为人温良谦恭、刚正不阿，其人格堪称儒学教化下的典范，历来受人景仰。生平著作甚多，主要有史学巨著《资治通鉴》、《温国文正司马公文集》、《稽古录》、《涑水记闻》、《潜虚》等。
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