挽舟者歌
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两汉]：佚名
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我兄征辽东，饿死青山下。
今我挽龙舟，又阻隋堤道。
方今天下饥，路粮无些小。
前去三千程，此身安可保！
寒骨枕荒沙，幽魂泣烟草。
悲损门内妻，望断吾家老。
安得义男儿，焚此无主尸。
引其孤魂回，负其白骨归！
挽舟者歌译文及注释
译文
我的哥哥去东征高句丽，已经在青山下活活饿死。
我今日为皇帝龙舟拉纤，被困在这千里长的隋堤。
现如今普天下正闹饥荒，一路上已没有多少粮米。
望前方还有长长的路程，如何能平安地返回故里？
荒沙中的寒骨令人哀叹，幽魂野鬼在荒草中悲泣。
家中的妻子在日夜哀伤，高堂二老不见儿的影子。
怎能遇到一位侠义之人，怜悯这不知姓名的尸体。
引领这个孤魂返回故乡，背负这白骨回到家中去。
注释
征辽东：辽东：郡、国名。战国燕置郡，辖境相当于今辽宁大凌河以东。西晋改为国。十六国后燕末地入高句丽。隋大业七年至十年（611-614），炀帝三次东征高句丽。
青山：在今辽宁义县东北。
挽龙舟：在岸上牵引帝王所乘的船。
隋堤：炀帝开通济渠，沿河筑堤种柳，谓之隋堤。
方：正当。
路粮：途中所需粮米。些：少量。
安：如何、怎么。
枕：横躺。一作“惋”。
悲损：因悲伤而瘦损。
老：长辈，老父、老母。
义男儿：仗义的男子汉。
无主尸：设想自己死后，尸体无人料理。
负：背，担负。
参考资料：
1、季镇淮．历代诗歌选（上册）：中国青年出版社，2013年：184页
2、吕树坤．著名古典小说诗词赏析：吉林文史出版社，2002年：29-30
挽舟者歌创作背景
隋炀帝即位后，大兴土木，营建东都洛阳及各处离宫四十余所；他还增筑长城，开凿运河，并发动了对吐浑和高丽的大规模战争，给人民带来了沉重的灾难。这首民谣，就是隋大业十三年（616年），隋炀帝三下江都时，挽舟民夫们感于处境所作。
参考资料：
1、贺新辉．古诗鉴赏辞典（下）：中国妇女出版社，2004年：1552-1553页
挽舟者歌鉴赏
开首四句，即以高度概括的语言、自己亲历的事实，控诉了隋炀帝发动战争和三下江都给人民带来的灾难。“我儿征辽东，饿死青山下。”隋炀帝在大业八、九、十三年曾三次东征高丽，仅大业八年一次，就分十二路发兵一百一十三万余人，战死者不下三十万。接着，就以“今我挽龙舟，又困隋堤道”，来说明这种灾难简直是接二连三。“龙舟”，隋炀帝南下江都时特制的一种大船，据《通鉴·隋纪》载，龙舟高四十五尺，长二百丈，共四层，上有正殿、内殿、朝堂及许多其他房屋。儿子被征去打仗饿死途中的余痛未消，自己又被征来拉纤，这已经够痛苦了，更痛苦的是也被陷入了九死一生的困境。
“方今”以下四句，即具体叙述自己所处的困境：当今普天下的收成都不好，路上的口粮简直没有一点点（“些小”），这一去路程有三千里，路遥无粮性命怎能保，恐怕是要死在路上了。“方今天下饥”一句，似轻实重，看似在解释“路粮无些小”的原因，实则已将普天之下民不聊生的境况概括反映了出来。看来，不仅是歌者陷入了“路粮无些小”，“此身安可保”的困境，大多数纤夫、普天下的百姓，怕也都要为无粮而丧命了。
“寒骨”以下四句，是歌者想像自己死后的情景：我的尸骨将被抛撒在荒郊野外，任凭风吹日晒；游荡异乡的孤魂，将在烟雾荒草间哭泣。家中的妻子，将因悲伤而哭坏身体；父母双亲将因盼我归去而望穿双眼。这是何等凄惨的画面。这虽是歌者设想死后的情景，但却是十分真实的。无论远征军士也罢，无论远行民夫也好，该有多少人暴死荒郊，该有多少人家破人亡。儿子饿死青山、全家悲痛欲绝的情景，他都是亲历了的。因此，对自己死后的情景也就描绘逼真。
“安得”第四句，是诉说自己惟一的希望。歌者已自料必死，且尸陈异乡，因此，他只希望能有个义气男儿，将他这无人认领的尸体焚烧，把他的骸骨运回乡里，把他的亡灵引渡回家。这歌者竞不作活着归来之想，而把能将骨骸运回作为惟一的希望，其情也可哀，其境也可知。这是他对“义男儿”的希望，同时也是对逼迫他陷入死亡境地的统治者的控诉。若无隋炀帝的重赋繁役，他何以必死。把人逼到将尸骨运回便算幸运，这是一个何等黑暗残暴的社会。
这是一首直接表达人民悲痛和愤恨的民歌。它全以第一人称的口吻，控诉了隋炀帝给人民造成的灾难，高度概括地反映了当时的社会状况。语言质朴凝重，情感真切动人。
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孙承宗《
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渔家》
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温庭筠《
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烧歌》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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观史而倦辄成短句意或有在不复次第览者幸贷其拙云 其六
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：
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