杨柳枝词九首·其一
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唐代]：刘禹锡
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请君莫奏前朝曲，听唱新翻杨柳枝。
杨柳枝词九首·其一鉴赏
刘禹锡的乐府小章《杨柳枝词》，一共有九首，这是其中的第一首，可说是这组诗的序曲，鲜明地表现了他在文学创作上的革新精神。
首句“梅花”，指汉乐府横吹曲中的《梅花落》曲，用笛子吹奏（羌笛是笛的一种），其曲调流行后世，南朝以至唐代文人鲍照、吴均、徐陵、卢照邻、沈佺期等都有《梅花落》歌词，内容都与梅花有关。（见《乐府诗集》卷二四）这句意思说，起源于塞北的《梅花落》是用笛子吹奏的乐曲。
次句讲的是《楚辞》中的《招隐士》篇。相传西汉淮南王刘安门客小山之徒作《招隐士》篇来表现对屈原的哀悼。《招隐士》首句云，“桂树丛生兮山之幽”，下文又两处有“攀援桂枝兮聊淹留”之句，所以刘禹锡诗中以桂树指代《招隐士》篇。《招隐士》虽然篇章短小，但情辞悱恻动人，为后代所传诵。篇中“王孙游兮不归，春草生兮萋萋”两句尤为后世文人所赏爱，乐府杂曲歌辞有《王孙游》曲，南齐谢朓与王融、唐崔国辅均有歌词，即从此两句衍化出来。（见《乐府诗集》卷七四）次句意思是说，《招隐士》是淮南小山的歌词。《梅花落》曲原出塞北，歌咏梅花，《招隐士》出自淮南王门下，屡屡咏及桂树，它们与《杨柳枝词》（咏柳）都以树木为歌咏对象，在内容上有相通的地方，所以刘禹锡拿它们来与《杨柳枝词》相比。
《梅花落》、《招隐士》虽是产生于西汉的作品，但长久流传后世，到唐朝仍为人们所吟唱传诵。唐代文士不但写《梅花落》、《王孙游》乐府古题诗，而且在其他篇什中也常咏及这两个作品。如李白诗云：“黄鹤楼中吹玉笛，江城五月落梅花。”（《与史郎中钦听黄鹤楼上吹笛》）“落梅花”即指奏《梅花落》曲。王维诗云：“春草明年绿，王孙归不归？”（《送别》）即化用《招隐士》句意。这都可以说明这两个作品在唐代的影响。
刘禹锡固然也重视这两个作品的历史地位和长远影响，但他本着文学必须创新的原则，向时人提出：“请君莫奏前朝曲，听唱新翻杨柳枝。”指出：《梅花落》、《招隐士》这两个作品毕竟是前朝之曲，不要再奏了，现在还是听他改旧翻新的《杨柳枝词》吧。《折杨柳》原来也是乐府旧曲。乐府横吹曲中有《折杨柳》曲，鼓角横吹曲中有《折杨柳歌辞》、《折杨柳枝词》，相和歌辞中有《折杨柳行》，清商曲辞中有《月节折杨柳歌》，其歌辞大抵是汉魏六朝的作品，都用五言古体来抒写。唐代不少文人所作《杨柳枝词》，从白居易、刘禹锡以至晚唐的李商隐、温庭筠、薛能等的许多作品，却都用七言近体的七绝形式来写作，虽然内容仍咏杨柳或与杨柳有关的事物，在形式上确是翻新了。唐人常用绝句配乐演唱，七绝尤多。《乐府诗集》都编入近代曲辞，表明它们是隋唐时代的新曲调。
刘禹锡晚年与白居易唱和酬答，白居易有《杨柳枝》组诗八首，其第一首云：“《六么》《水调》家家唱，《白雪》《梅花》处处吹。古歌旧曲君休听，听取新翻《杨柳枝》。”刘禹锡的《杨柳枝》组诗九首，就是与白居易唱和之作，因此首篇“塞北梅花”一章，在构思、造语上都非常接近。比较起来，刘的“请君莫奏”二句比白的“古歌旧曲”二句，语言更为精警动人，因而赢得更多读者的喜爱。这两句诗，不仅概括了诗人的创作精神，而且那些致力于推陈出新的人们，也都可以借用它们来抒发自己的胸怀，因此可说含蕴丰富，饶有启发意义。
此篇上下两联都接近对偶，每联意思都对称，词语则是大部分对称，于大体整齐匀称中显出流动自然之美。
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李白《
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野田黄雀行》
刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。
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