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智慧词库a>成语词典拔十失五拔十失五的故事
拔十失五的成语故事

拼音bá shí shī wǔ
基本解释指选拔人才而失其半数。
出处《三国志 蜀书 庞统传》:“今拔十失五,犹得其半,而可以崇迈世数,使有志者自励,不亦可乎?”
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拔十失五的典故
三国时的名士庞统年轻时,为人朴质,一直没有人赏识他。但他的叔父大名士庞德公对他却十分看重,认为他不同寻常。当时,颍川人司马徽有善于鉴别人品的名声,庞统慕名前往拜见。见面时,司马徽正在树上采桑,于是庞统就坐在树下,跟他谈起来。两人越谈越投机,就这样一个树上,一个树下,直谈到深夜。司马徽觉的庞统真是非同凡响,赞叹说:“庞德公确实又知人之明,庞统确有与众不同之处!”从此,庞统的名声渐渐显赫。庞德公将他与诸葛亮、司马徽并列,说孔明是卧龙,庞统是凤雏,司马徽是水镜。
庞统有知人之明,喜欢评判人品高下,乐于培养人才、提高别人的声望,但是他称赞别人时,多有溢美之词。时人觉得奇怪,问其缘故,庞统说:“当今天下大乱,善人少而恶人多。我选拔的人才,即使有一半不合格,也还有一半真才可以利用,这不是很好吗?”
庞统在赤壁之战时避乱与江东,被鲁肃推荐给周瑜,入曹营献“连环计”,致使周瑜火攻成功。周瑜去世后,诸葛亮借吊孝之际拉拢庞统,同时鲁肃也将庞统推荐给孙权,但孙权嫌庞统容貌丑陋,态度傲慢而不予重用。于是庞统往荆州投靠刘备,初为县令,不理政事。于是,刘备召见庞统。两人纵论上下古今,刘备发现他才华横溢,对他大为器重,遂拜庞统为副军师中郎将,与诸葛亮共商方略,教练军士。
建安十六年(公元211年),法正奉益州刘璋之命到荆州,迎接刘备入益州共抗张鲁。法正私下向刘备献计,请刘备借机谋取荆州。刘备犹豫再三,不能决断。庞统进言说:“荆州荒芜残败,人物流失殆尽,且东有孙权,北有曹操,难以有大的发展。益州有民众百万,土地肥沃,物产丰饶,如果真能夺取此地,以为根基,一定可成就大的发展。刘备认为说得有理,决定留诸葛亮、关羽等人镇守荆州,而自己则带领庞统率领数百万兵士进入益州。在刘备与刘璋会面时,庞统力劝刘备取代刘璋成为汉中王,但刘备以种种理由推掉。刘璋返回成都后,庞统再次劝说刘备偷袭成都,这次刘备听从庞统的计策,出征成都,后庞统随刘备进蜀,设计杀杨怀、高沛,得涪水关,但在攻雒城之际疑诸葛亮欲争功,不听其书信劝阻,冒进至落凤坡,中张任埋伏,被乱箭射死。
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