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智慧词库a>成语词典汗马功劳汗马功劳的故事
汗马功劳的成语故事

拼音hàn mǎ gōng láo
基本解释汗马:战马奔驰出汗。指将士立下战功。后指对事业的辛勤贡献。
出处韩非《韩非子 五蠹》:“弃私家之事,而必汗马之劳,家困而上弗论,则穷矣。”
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汗马功劳的典故
古时作战多用马。战马疾驰疆场,冲锋陷阵,每战都要出很多汗。战斗次数越多,战况越激烈,出汗当然也越多。因此,形容有战功,就叫“汗马”。
《韩非子·五蠹》就有“汗马之劳”的说法。《战国策·魏策》也有:“张仪说楚曰:‘不费汗马之劳,不费十日。而拒扞关’。”(扞,扞关,地名。)
《史记·晋世家》叙述春秋时晋文公的一段故事时,也说过“汗马之劳”的话。晋文公,名重耳,是晋献公的儿子,所以又称公子重耳。他曾流亡国外达十九年之久,后来回国做了国君,而且称霸一时。当他回国之初,即位为晋文公时,对于随从他流亡的人员,一一论功行赏。有个小臣名叫介之推,没有提出自己有什么功劳,也不求赏赐,躲到深山里隐居起来了。另一个小臣名叫壶叙,见三次行赏都没有他的份儿,便对晋文公说:“君行三赏,赏不及臣,敢请罪!”晋文公当即把行赏的标准向他说明:“夫导我以仁义,防我以德惠,此受上赏;辅我以行,卒以成立,此受次赏;矢石(箭矢炮石)之难,汗马之劳,此复受次赏;若以力事我而无补我缺者,此复受次赏。三赏之后,故且及子。”
《史记·萧相国世家》和《汉书·萧何传》也有一段有关“汗马之劳”的故事。萧何是汉高祖刘邦的同乡,刘邦起兵反秦,萧何始终帮着他,筹谋划策,忠心耿耿,是刘邦最可靠的得力助手。秦亡以后,刘邦又打败了项羽,建立汉朝,做了皇帝,萧何便担任相国。刘邦认为论功劳应以萧何为第一,所以首先封他为“酂侯”(酂,县名,今湖北光化县),食邑八千户。但是其余功臣多不服,他们说:“我们拼死拼命,多的经过百余战,少的也打过几十仗,而萧何未有汗马之劳,只会耍笔杆、发议论,根本没上过战场,封赏反在我们之上,这是什么道理?”刘邦问道:“你们知道打猎的事吗?”大家同声回答:“知道。”再问道:“那么你们知道猎狗吗?”又是同声回答:“知道。”刘邦于是接着说:“打猎的时候,追杀野兽的是狗,而指示野兽的住处、去向,让狗去追杀的,却是人(‘夫猎,追杀兽兔者狗也,发踪指示者人也’)。你们只会追杀,不过是‘功狗’而已,至于萧何,能‘发踪指示’,他才是‘功人’。而且你们多数是单身跟随我,有同族两三人一起入伍的就算难得了,可是萧何,他叫全家族的几十个男子都参加了我们的军队,跟着我一同出力。他的大功劳是怎么也不能忘记的!”大家听了,便谁也不吭气了。
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※ 与(汗马功劳)相关的成语及历史出处:
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|---|---|
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